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Durvalumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks the binding of programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Durvalumab combined with traditional chemotherapy agents has been recommended as the first-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC, but its use may cause immune-related adverse events. Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare and potentially fatal neurological adverse event. This current case report describes a male patient in his late 50s with ES-SCLC who developed autoimmune encephalitis associated with durvalumab treatment after three cycles of combination chemotherapy. This current case furthers the understanding of autoimmune encephalitis caused by durvalumab treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241287015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T04:55:12Z","timestamp":1729572912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Autoimmune encephalitis following treatment with durvalumab for small-cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Yu-Lan","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Department of 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