{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:55:53Z","timestamp":1777726553037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the safety and efficacy of laquinimod in treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An extensive electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify suitable studies. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane\u2019s Risk of Bias tool. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials including 3665 patients found that laquinimod significantly reduced the annualized relapse rate compared with placebo (mean difference\u2009=\u2009\u22120.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.12, \u22120.04, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). For disability progression confirmed at 3 months, laquinimod provided a significant advantage over placebo (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20090.75, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.59, 0.96, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200925%), whereas no benefit was achieved at 6 months (HR\u2009=\u20090.69, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.45, 1.06, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200966%). Laquinimod was also significantly better than placebo in maintaining a relapse-free status (risk ratio [RR]\u2009=\u20091.14 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.06, 1.22, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200910%). Laquinimod had a comparable safety profile as placebo (RR\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.81, 1.39, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200933%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the efficacy of laquinimod in managing RRMS but necessitate careful monitoring during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241311437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T05:03:57Z","timestamp":1738904637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and safety of laquinimod versus placebo in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Malik Waleed","family":"Zeb Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2556-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aizaz","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4761-1914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safeena","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammara","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Haris","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saidu Medical College, Swat, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Touba","family":"Azeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Moeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arysha","family":"Monis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4378-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aban Masaud","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fazia","family":"Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moosa","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jibran","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03000605241311437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.14236"},{"key":"bibr2-03000605241311437","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Ghasemi N","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"bibr3-03000605241311437","unstructured":"The Multiple Sclerosis International Federation Atlas of MS, 3rd ed, September, 2020, 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