{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:59:15Z","timestamp":1777726755360,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No.SZZYSM202211004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.SZZYSM202211004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the complex interactions between gut microbiota and immune cell phenotypes in rheumatoid arthritis development and identify potential therapeutic targets within the gut microbiota\u2013immune cell axis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis, including the role of immune cell mediators. Sensitivity analyses assessed pleiotropy and heterogeneity, while mediation analysis identified pathways through which immune cells mediate gut microbiota effects on rheumatoid arthritis development. Key microbial taxa and their effects on rheumatoid arthritis were quantified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analysis identified 27 gut microbiota taxa significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Provencibacterium massiliense<\/jats:italic>\n                      showing the strongest protective effect (odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.807, 95% confidence interval: 0.700\u20130.911, P\u2009=\u20090.003). Additionally, 20 immune cell phenotypes with IgD+ CD38dim AC were significantly linked to rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.064, 95% confidence interval: 1.027\u20131.102). Mediation analysis uncovered 13 significant gut microbiota\u2013immune cell pathways, with the UBA8517\u2013CCR2 monocyte pathway mediating 10.1% of the total effect (beta1\u2009=\u2009\u22120.595, beta12\u2009=\u20090.027, mediation proportion\u2009=\u200910.1%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study offers novel insights into the gut microbiota\u2013immune cell axis in rheumatoid arthritis, identifying\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Provencibacterium massiliense<\/jats:italic>\n                      , IgD+ CD38dim AC and the UBA8517\u2014CCR2 monocyte pathway as potential therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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