{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:21:18Z","timestamp":1783938078539,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Project of Sichuan Province","award":["S21111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S21111"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["KeyME-2018-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KeyME-2018-10"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Project of Sichuan Province","award":["S22091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S22091"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether empagliflozin reduces ventricular fibrillation and myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction via the transforming growth factor-\u03b21\/Smad3\/miR-181a pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male nondiabetic Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (n\u2009=\u200916) were randomized into sham, myocardial infarction, low-dose empagliflozin (10\u2009mg\/kg\/day), and high-dose empagliflozin (30\u2009mg\/kg\/day) groups. Myocardial infarction was induced via coronary artery ligation. After 4 weeks, ventricular fibrillation thresholds were assessed via electrical stimulation. Cardiac function (echocardiography), fibrosis (Masson\u2019s trichrome staining), and molecular markers (transforming growth factor-\u03b21, Smad3, miR-181a; assessed via western blotting\/quantitative polymerase chain reaction) were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empagliflozin-treated groups showed reduced left ventricular dilation (left ventricular internal diameters at end-diastole: 8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 vs. 9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009mm in myocardial infarction; left ventricular internal diameters at end-systole: 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 vs. 6.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009mm) and improved ejection fraction (45% vs. 38% in myocardial infarction). Ventricular fibrillation thresholds increased significantly with empagliflozin administration (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Myocardial fibrosis (collagen volume fraction: 12% vs. 25% in myocardial infarction) and transforming growth factor-\u03b21\/Smad3\/miR-181a expression were downregulated in empagliflozin groups (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No dose-dependent differences were observed between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empagliflozin attenuates postmyocardial infarction ventricular arrhythmias and fibrosis associated with the suppression of transforming growth factor-\u03b21\/Smad3 signaling and miR-181a expression, enhancing cardiac function. These findings highlight its therapeutic potential in postinfarct remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251353040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T07:14:47Z","timestamp":1752477287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Empagliflozin attenuates ventricular fibrillation postmyocardial infarction associated with reduced transforming growth factor-\n                    <b>\u03b2<\/b>\n                    1\/Smad3 signaling and miR-181a expression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jingsong","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixu","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeming","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8947-0935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","first-page":"B5246","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death during myocardial infarction","volume":"63","author":"Jabbari R.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jabbari R. 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