{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:32:39Z","timestamp":1790839959110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chongqing Young and Middle-aged Medical High-end Talent Project","award":["YXGD202401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YXGD202401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although the incidence of epidural hematoma formation after lumbar fusion surgery is low, it is a severe complication. If not managed promptly, it may cause compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots, leading to neurological dysfunctions such as limb numbness, weakness, and abnormal bowel or bladder function. We conducted a comprehensive retrospective review of the medical records, test results, and imaging data of a patient with a rare \u201cspreading-type\u201d symptomatic epidural hematoma occurring in the nonsurgical segment after lumbar fusion surgery. The patient was a 66-year-old male who, due to lumbar disc herniation with spinal stenosis, underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at L3\/4\u2013L4\/5 levels under general anesthesia. On the second day after surgery, pain, numbness, weakness, and poor movement of both lower limbs\u2014especially ankles and feet\u2014suddenly appeared. Emergency computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction of the lumbar spine showed that the implants of the lumbar spine were in good position, and an epidural hematoma was detected in the lumbar operative area. Exploration, hematoma removal, and enlarged decompression of the spinal canal were performed under emergency settings. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted images revealed hypointensity in the spinal canal between the 12\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    thoracic and 2\n                    <jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>\n                    lumbar vertebra, suggesting the presence of a \u201cspreading-type\u201d epidural hematoma at the nonoperative level. A spreading-type epidural hematoma has been rarely reported in the literature. This type of hematoma mainly spreads longitudinally within the spinal canal and spreads till a distance of more than one vertebral body. A thorough understanding of the occurrence, development, and treatment process of symptomatic epidural hematoma after lumbar spine surgery (especially nonsurgical segment spreading-type hematoma) as well as the implementation of the \u201cprevention\u2013early detection\u2013early surgery\u201d process are crucial for preventing the formation of symptomatic epidural hematoma after spinal surgery and reducing the risk of nerve injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251382377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T04:05:31Z","timestamp":1762401931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nonsurgical segment \u201cspreading-type\u201d symptomatic epidural hematoma formation after lumbar fusion surgery: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1426-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12246"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2021.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00535-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2006.47.3.326"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002822"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3557-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.10.1046"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200208010-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","first-page":"3267","article-title":"Characteristics and risk factors of spinal epidural hematoma after unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"102","author":"Liang CX","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang CX, Liang GY, Liu HF, et\u00a0al. Characteristics and risk factors of spinal epidural hematoma after unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102: 3267\u20133273.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0281-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3297-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3619-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2021.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-019-09690-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.05.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5782-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8827962"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00744-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105868"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.SPINE10716"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2017.1327021"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3506-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5165-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605251382377","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605251382377","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605251382377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:51:13Z","timestamp":1777459873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605251382377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605251382377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605251382377","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"article-number":"03000605251382377"}}