{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:20:15Z","timestamp":1777728015106,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The interaction between manifest refractive astigmatism and topographic astigmatism is critical in planning refractive surgery. This study aimed to investigate the predictive relationship between manifest refractive astigmatism and topographic astigmatism across different age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective observational study comprising 149 patients. Manifest refractive astigmatism was evaluated through subjective refraction methods, and topographic astigmatism was measured using corneal topography. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 20\u201341 years without a history of ocular surgery or severe corneal pathology. The main outcome was to determine the relationship between manifest refractive astigmatism and topographic astigmatism and to test whether manifest refractive astigmatism served as a reliable predictor of topographic astigmatism in two age groups (\u226430 and &gt;30 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between manifest refractive astigmatism and topographic astigmatism (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.846, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Linear regression analysis indicated that manifest refractive astigmatism accounted for 71.7% of the variance in topographic astigmatism. No significant differences were observed between younger and older age groups in the predictive relationship.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Manifest refractive astigmatism is a reliable predictor of topographic astigmatism, and it is not a substitute for topographic astigmatism in surgical practice but serves as a supportive measure. The strong correlation across age groups highlights its value in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251384428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T04:01:58Z","timestamp":1760587318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the predictive relationship between manifest refractive astigmatism, topographic astigmatism, and ocular residual astigmatism: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Wissam","family":"Yosif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Al-Iraqia University, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4624-9659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shakir Al-Wassiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Nema Abushnein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muthanna","family":"Basheer Yasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20181113-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20200609-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S282248"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_6_2","first-page":"453","article-title":"Prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among the internally displaced schoolchildren in Iraq","volume":"20","author":"Fayyadh RA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fayyadh RA, Abady NH. Prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among the internally displaced schoolchildren in Iraq. Medico-Legal Update 2020; 20: 453.","journal-title":"Medico-Legal Update"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283622a59"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S133839"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(97)80153-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00798-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80106-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_13_2","first-page":"3538","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of astigmatism: a systematic literature review","volume":"63","author":"Zhang J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Dhariwal M, Wu Y, et\u00a0al. Epidemiology and burden of astigmatism: a systematic literature review. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2022; 63: 3538\u2013A0118.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.045120"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000449"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20240723-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01459-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S298406"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2011.02211.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20210712-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000100"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605251384428","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605251384428","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605251384428","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:51:03Z","timestamp":1777459863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605251384428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605251384428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605251384428","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"article-number":"03000605251384428"}}