{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:46:26Z","timestamp":1792673186307,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adequate anesthesia is necessary during cesarean section. We aimed to study the efficacy and safety of different doses of fentanyl combined with 10\u2009mg bupivacaine and 0.1\u2009mg morphine for spinal anesthesia during elective cesarean section.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This double-blind randomized controlled trial enrolled pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section between April 2019 and June 2021. Eligible women (n\u2009=\u2009180) were randomized into six groups (C (control), F1, F2, F3, F4, or F5; n\u2009=\u200930 each) based on different doses of fentanyl (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25\u2009\u00b5g, respectively) for spinal anesthesia. Each patient also received 0.1\u2009mg morphine and 10\u2009mg bupivacaine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sensory and motor blocks, muscle relaxation, pain intensity, intraoperative hemodynamics (every 5\u2009min starting from the initial intrathecal injection), and adverse events were recorded. Compared with group C, groups F2\u2013F5 had a faster onset of sensory block (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001), and groups F1\u2013F5 had a faster onset of motor block (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.015). During surgery, diastolic blood pressure levels in groups F4 and F5 were lower than those in group C between 5 and 20\u2009min after anesthesia initiation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.05). Heart rates in group F5 were significantly higher than those in group C at 5 and 15\u2009min of anesthesia initiation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.016 and 0.008, respectively). Groups F4 and F5 required a higher dose of phenylephrine to prevent hypotension than group C (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.027). There were no significant differences in muscle relaxation, postoperative analgesia, and adverse events among the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrathecal fentanyl administration at doses of 10\u201315\u2009\u03bcg combined with 10\u2009mg bupivacaine and 0.1\u2009mg morphine provides rapid and satisfactory analgesia without additional adverse events during elective cesarean section.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This clinical trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Registry (ChiCTR1900021721,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.html?proj=35939\">https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.html?proj=35939<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251389749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T04:05:31Z","timestamp":1762401931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of fentanyl combined with bupivacaine and morphine for spinal anesthesia during cesarean section: A double-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Gehui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Luohu Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanfang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Safety, Market Supervision Administration of Shenzhen Municipality, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-5587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuantao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8964-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521364"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06727-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-022-01310-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_17_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-017-0930-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2019.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.176402"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","first-page":"96","article-title":"The effects of intrathecal and systemic adjuvants on subarachnoid block","volume":"80","author":"Staikou C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Staikou C, Paraskeva A. 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