{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:04:10Z","timestamp":1784930650768,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Science and Technology Innovation Medical Development Foundation","award":["KC2025-ZZ-0050-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2025-ZZ-0050-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared the pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic properties of extended infusion and continuous infusion of imipenem at equivalent daily doses in a real-world setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective observational study, physicians adjusted imipenem doses empirically based on renal function and infection severity. Plasma concentrations were quantified via liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic targets were defined as 100% of the dosing interval with free drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and four times above the MIC, with MICs set at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16\u2009mg\/L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis included 20 patients with extended infusion (0.5\u2009g q6h\/q8h or 1\u2009g q8h) and 20 with continuous infusion (matched doses). Continuous infusion showed lower trough concentration variability (coefficient of variation: 25.5% vs. 67.3%) and significantly higher area under the curve and minimum plasma concentration values at all doses (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.002). Continuous infusion achieved superior target attainment: for 100%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      T\u2009&gt;\u2009MIC, significant differences were observed at MICs \u22654\u2009mg\/L (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.01). For 100%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      T\u2009&gt;\u20094\u00d7 MIC, continuous infusion outperformed extended infusion starting from MICs \u22651\u2009mg\/L (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.01), with 3.0\u2009g\/day continuous infusion achieving 100% attainment at an MIC of 4\u2009mg\/L.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continuous infusion demonstrated superior pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic target attainment than extended infusion at equivalent doses, particularly for pathogens with an MIC \u22654\u2009mg\/L or cases requiring aggressive targets. Continuous infusion may benefit patients with elevated creatinine clearance, those with infections caused by pathogens with high MIC, and those requiring aggressive pharmacodynamic target attainment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251394839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:20:40Z","timestamp":1764289240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of imipenem in critically ill patients: Continuous infusion versus extended infusion in a real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruixia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Children Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00296-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02081-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad428"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2024.2406466"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100676"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70036-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06050-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2378-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv288"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","first-page":"343","article-title":"Establishment of UPLC-MS\/MS method for the determination of plasma concentration of three common carbapenem antibiotics","volume":"35","author":"Qin Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin Y, Zhang R, Lyu Y, et\u00a0al. 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