{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:54:32Z","timestamp":1777726472935,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Clinical Discipline-Department of Anesthesiology","award":["2023-ZJZK-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-ZJZK-001"]}]},{"name":"Medical and Health Science and Technology Research Program of Zhejiang Province","award":["2024KY433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY433"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Medical Association clinical medical research fund key project","award":["2023ZYC-Z39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZYC-Z39"]}]},{"name":"Jiaxing medical key supporting discipline- Anesthesiology; Jiaxing Provinces and Cities Jointly Cultivate Discipline --General Surgery","award":["2023-PYXK-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-PYXK-001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-ZJZK-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-ZJZK-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Multi-disciplinary TCM Innovation Team for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Headache and vertigo in the Elderl","award":["2022-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-19"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Clinovation Pride-Herpes zoster neuralgia","award":["CXTD202502014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD202502014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aimed to compare the efficacy of various sympathetic nerve regulation techniques in the treatment of cold sensations or abnormal sweating in hemiplegic limbs following stroke, providing guidance for managing autonomic nervous system dysfunction in post-stroke patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted using the keywords \u201ccerebral infarction,\u201d \u201ccerebral hemorrhage,\u201d \u201cstroke,\u201d \u201cstellate ganglion block,\u201d \u201csympathetic nerve block,\u201d \u201csympathetic neurolysis,\u201d and \u201cradiofrequency sympathectomy.\u201d Relevant studies published in English on the use of sympathetic nerve regulation to treat cold sensations or abnormal sweating in hemiplegic limbs after stroke were selected and rigorously reviewed. The collected literature was then categorized based on content and reviewed along with experimental results and clinical case evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sympathetic nerve regulation significantly improves cold sensation and abnormal sweating in hemiplegic limbs by inhibiting sympathetic activity, reducing sympathetic tone, increasing collateral and peripheral circulation, and enhancing skin and muscle blood perfusion, thereby increasing limb temperature and improving patient quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computed tomography\u2013guided thoracic\/lumbar sympathetic radiofrequency ablation has demonstrated significant and lasting efficacy, with minimal complications. Therefore, it is recommended for treating cold sensations or abnormal sweating in hemiplegic limbs post-stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251395450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T23:10:24Z","timestamp":1764025824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-stroke hemiplegic limb cold sensation and sympathetic nervous regulation: A review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Mingqing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanrui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052357"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182764aa2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019312"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","first-page":"174","article-title":"Concomitant sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"31","author":"Chang TY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang TY, Chen PS, Yeh SJ, et\u00a0al. Concomitant sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurologica Taiwanica 2022; 31: 174\u2013178.","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Taiwanica"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-016-0640-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.5.679"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","first-page":"E459","article-title":"CT-guided chemical lumbar sympathectomy in the treatment of cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet","volume":"24","author":"Tao J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tao J, Zhu J, Wang T, et\u00a0al. CT-guided chemical lumbar sympathectomy in the treatment of cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet. Pain Physician 2021; 24: E459\u2013E466.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00829.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311170"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05128-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000265"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12917"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7876507"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1043446"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315616494"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2012.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0179"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89543-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-161397"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2015.1116822"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.50.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.820665"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104539"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027871"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-024-01285-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25664"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010477"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00280"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12040555"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930231196648"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1906-479"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-220275"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051073"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S236812"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.22299"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01665","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001665","article-title":"Stellate ganglion blocks for refractory central poststroke pain: a case series","volume":"17","author":"Purohit G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Purohit G, Kumar A, Sharma RS, et\u00a0al. Stellate ganglion blocks for refractory central poststroke pain: a case series. A A Pract 2023; 17: e01665.","journal-title":"A A Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02765-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Symposium on the treatment of cerebrovascular disease; stellate ganglion block in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease","volume":"49","author":"Walsh RC.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Walsh RC. Symposium on the treatment of cerebrovascular disease; stellate ganglion block in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Proc R Soc Med 1956; 49: 161\u2013164.","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13350"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-014-0403-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2016.29.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","first-page":"E357","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of lumbar sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation versus chemical lumbar sympathectomy in the treatment of cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet: a retrospective study","volume":"25","author":"Tao J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao J, Huang B, Tang J, et\u00a0al. Comparison of efficacy and safety of lumbar sympathetic radiofrequency thermocoagulation versus chemical lumbar sympathectomy in the treatment of cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet: a retrospective study. Pain Physician 2022; 25: E357\u2013E364.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.833"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.114827"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181fa69d2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","first-page":"E1075","article-title":"Risk factors affecting the success rate of radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lumbar sympathetic nerve","volume":"24","author":"Luo G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo G, Zhu J, Chen R, et\u00a0al. Risk factors affecting the success rate of radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lumbar sympathetic nerve. Pain Physician 2021; 24: E1075\u2013E1083.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-024-01065-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01323-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022279"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605251395450","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605251395450","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605251395450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:46:40Z","timestamp":1777459600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605251395450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605251395450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605251395450","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"article-number":"03000605251395450"}}