{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1777726961664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee osteoarthritis presents with posterior knee pain, stiffness, and restricted mobility, potentially affecting periarticular muscle biomechanics. We ultrasonographically assessed the gastrocnemius medialis properties in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared with those in healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study comprised 76 participants divided into symptomatic patients with knee osteoarthritis and gastrocnemius medialis involvement and healthy controls. Gastrocnemius medialis morphology (thickness and pennation angle) was evaluated using conventional ultrasound, whereas shear touch elastography was applied to assess tissue stiffness via elasticity (Gmean).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gastrocnemius medialis thickness was similar between the groups (p\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.343); however, patients with knee osteoarthritis exhibited significantly smaller pennation angles (p\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001) and lower Gmean values (p\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.009). Sex-stratified analysis revealed a reduced pennation angle in females (p\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.003) and a smaller pennation angle (p\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.036) and lower Gmean value (p\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.013) in males with knee osteoarthritis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with knee osteoarthritis demonstrated significantly decreased gastrocnemius medialis pennation angles and Gmean values compared with those in controls, with sex-specific differences: males exhibited lower Gmean values, whereas females showed no difference. Gastrocnemius medialis ultrasonography may serve as an effective tool for detecting knee osteoarthritis-related biomechanical changes, supporting clinical assessment and rehabilitation planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251397316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T12:09:07Z","timestamp":1769861347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative ultrasound assessment of gastrocnemius muscle changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Examination, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Examination, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Examination, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Examination, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1008-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Examination, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1260943"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2020.101564"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204763"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061113"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20255"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200107000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the female athlete","volume":"34","author":"Wilk KE","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilk KE, Arrigo C, Andrews JR, et\u00a0al. 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