{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:50:48Z","timestamp":1778781048054,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of \u03b2-escin against neuroinflammatory injury and its influence on the interleukin-6\/Janus kinase 2\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway in a rat model of ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rats underwent a 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion and were categorized into sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion, and middle cerebral artery occlusion treated with \u03b2-escin (0.45, 0.90, and 1.80\u2009mg\/kg) groups. Cerebral damage was assessed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin and eosin staining; neuronal apoptosis was evaluated via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay; serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and interleukin-1\u03b2) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protein expression of the interleukin-6\/Janus kinase 2\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway was analyzed using western blot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u03b2-escin administration dose-dependently reduced Longa scores, cerebral infarction volume, and pathological damage while also attenuating neuronal apoptosis. It significantly suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated the expression of interleuin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor as well as the ratios of phosphorylated Janus Kinase 2\/Janus Kinase 2 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3\/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. These protective effects were positively correlated with the dosage of \u03b2-escin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggested that \u03b2-escin exerted neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by modulating the interleukin-6\/Janus kinase 2\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, thereby reducing neuroinflammation and apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251400652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T03:39:45Z","timestamp":1764819585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<b>\u03b2<\/b>\n                    -escin mitigates neuroinflammation and apoptosis caused by ischemic stroke through the inhibition of the interleukin-6\/Janus kinase 2\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Duan","family":"Yanqin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Hospital of Changsha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Shenglan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Hospital of Changsha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fourth Hospital of Changsha"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Du","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeng","family":"Hongliang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tan","family":"Dianbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Chunhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liu","family":"Dongliang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32291"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106253"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113518"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20931137"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202272"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01946-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.626648"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv292"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.29510"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.JNS163165"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S207720"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7815325"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052087"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0047-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"Protective effects of sodium beta-aescin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain","volume":"39","author":"Hu XM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hu XM, Zeng FD. 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