{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:02:50Z","timestamp":1777726970733,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative pain is one of the most common complications after anorectal surgery and can delay recovery, lengthen hospital stay, and reduce patient comfort. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used due to their strong analgesic and opioid-sparing effects but are associated with gastrointestinal, renal, and bleeding risks. Magnesium may provide analgesic benefits with fewer adverse effects. However, evidence regarding its efficacy in the oral form and direct comparison with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs remains limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the analgesic effectiveness of oral magnesium with that of oral ketorolac to identify the more suitable analgesic drug in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 104 patients undergoing anorectal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received oral magnesium (250\u2009mg daily), and Group 2 received oral ketorolac (10\u2009mg daily). The medicine was given to the patients 2\u2009h after the operation and then every 12\u2009h for 10\u2009days. Pain levels were measured at 24-hour intervals after the surgery using the visual analog scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both treatments significantly reduced postoperative pain over time (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The ketorolac group showed lower mean pain scores on days 1, 3, and 5 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas no significant differences were observed on postoperative days 7 and 10 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.089 and 0.092, respectively). Narcotic consumption was higher in the magnesium group than in the ketorolac group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral magnesium demonstrated a clinically meaningful analgesic effect comparable to that of oral ketorolac from postoperative day 5 onward, suggesting that it is a safe non-opioid alternative for postoperative pain management in anorectal surgery. Further multicenter trials with larger samples are warranted to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251409937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T01:53:05Z","timestamp":1768355585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of oral ketorolac and oral magnesium for postoperative pain management in anorectal surgery: A randomized double-blind clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Seyed Jalal","family":"Eshagh Hoseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh Sadat","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qom University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Eshraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Vahedian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Spiritual Health Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Pashaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mojdeh","family":"Bahadorzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4321-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ahmadpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Benign anorectal disease: hemorrhoids, fissures, and fistulas","volume":"33","author":"Gardner IH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gardner IH, Siddharthan RV, Tsikitis VL. 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