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Catheter-related bladder discomfort presents as suprapubic burning, dysuria, restlessness, or delirium; however it remains underrecognized in clinical practice, leading to suboptimal management during surgery. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence relating to the pathogenesis of catheter-related bladder discomfort, which is primarily associated with urothelial injury, muscarinic receptor\u2013mediated detrusor overactivity, and neurogenic inflammation. In addition, the review identifies high-risk factors, including male sex, catheter diameter \u226518\u2009Fr, and transurethral procedures. We highlight the need for uniform approaches to perioperative management, including preoperative pharmacoprophylaxis, intraoperative interventions, and postoperative therapies. Implementing these evidence-based approaches is essential to mitigate the incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort and improve recovery and surgical outcomes in urological patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261418377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T19:23:02Z","timestamp":1771615382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comprehensive perioperative management: Prevention and treatment strategies for catheter-related bladder discomfort in urological surgery patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4661-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shaoxing People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Shaoxing People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.816995"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Incidence and determinants of catheter-related bladder spasms following transurethral resection of the prostate; a prospective review of 80 cases","volume":"65","author":"Oyelowo N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oyelowo N, Sudi A, Awaisu M, et\u00a0al. Incidence and determinants of catheter-related bladder spasms following transurethral resection of the prostate; a prospective review of 80 cases. 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Bladder spasm discomfort after transurethral surgery: a prospective observational study of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative predictive factors. 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