{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:25:53Z","timestamp":1790173553221,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Clinical special research fund project of Nantong University","award":["2024LQ019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024LQ019"]}]},{"name":"Nantong Science and Technology Bureau Project","award":["MSZ2024099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSZ2024099"]}]},{"name":"Clinical research fund project of Nantong University","award":["2024LY006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024LY006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used Global Burden of Disease 2021 data to assess the global, regional, and national burden of congenital genitourinary anomalies across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study estimated the burden of congenital genitourinary anomalies using prevalence, morbidity, mortality, disability-adjusted life years, and age-standardized rates, including the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized death rate, and age-standardization rate. Incidence and prevalence were derived from DisMod-MR 2.1, and a Bayesian age\u2013period\u2013cohort model projected trends until 2035. Analyses were stratified by sex, age, and socio-demographic index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence of female and male congenital genitourinary anomalies increased annually by 0.72% and 0.51%, respectively, with rising disability-adjusted life years across all sociodemographic index regions. Male congenital genitourinary anomalies consistently had higher age-standardized death rates, incidence rates, and age-standardization rates than female cases. By 2021, congenital genitourinary anomalies caused approximately 9700 deaths and affected approximately 5.2 million people, while age-standardized incidence and death rates slightly declined over three decades (age-standardized incidence rate: 18.21 to 17.69 per 100,000; age-standardized death rate: 0.15 to 0.12 per 100,000). Projections to 2035 show continued declines in incidence and death rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite falling morbidity and mortality, congenital genitourinary anomalies remain a severe global burden. Governments and the public must recognize its gravity and prioritize targeted reproductive health initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261426179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:30:17Z","timestamp":1773275417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal trends and projections in the global burden of congenital genitourinary anomalies from 1990 to 2021: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Siyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05217-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20778"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2684-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00298"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00476-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002056"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.862165"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33617"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","first-page":"534","article-title":"[Incidence, diagnosis and treatment of children\u2019s congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract detected in ultrasound screening]","volume":"49","author":"Zhang B","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang B, Wang H, Sun N, et\u00a0al. 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