{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:35:54Z","timestamp":1793108154462,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anhui Key University Natural Science Research Project","award":["No. KJ2021A0845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. KJ2021A0845"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Natural Science Foundation","award":["No. 22080-85QH247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 22080-85QH247"]}]},{"name":"Middle-aged and Young Research Fund of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College","award":["XJ2021002303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2021002303"]}]},{"name":"Talent Introduction Program of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College","award":["YR202108, YR202105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YR202108, YR202105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor occurring in the head and neck region. Current treatment principles are based on radical surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the 5-year survival rate for patients remains approximately 50%. Therefore, further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma development is needed to identify more effective treatment methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, immunohistochemical techniques were used to quantitatively analyze the expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, CD206, programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 45 pathological sections of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The results showed that the expression levels of vimentin, CD206, and programmed cell death ligand 1 were significantly associated with overall survival. Additionally, Cox multivariate analysis indicated that the M2 macrophage marker, CD206, is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that E-cadherin expression was negatively correlated with vimentin, CD206, and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression levels. Vimentin expression was positively correlated with programmed cell death receptor 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 expressions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical examination indicated that M2 macrophages are an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma and are closely associated with overall survival. Furthermore, they may influence the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma tumors by inducing epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor cells. Third, programmed cell death ligand 1 expression has an adverse impact on oral squamous cell carcinoma prognosis and is significantly correlated with the expression levels of CD206, E-cadherin, and vimentin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicates that programmed cell death receptor 1\/programmed cell death ligand 1 and CD206 expressions are independent risk factors for poor oral squamous cell carcinoma prognosis; however, whether programmed cell death receptor 1\/programmed cell death ligand 1 expression influences the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma through M2 macrophages requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261431055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:11:13Z","timestamp":1775790673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlation of E-cadherin, vimentin, CD206, programmed cell death receptor 1, and programmed cell death ligand 1 expressions with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Zheng-Yi","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-An","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wannan Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Ping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wannan Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5217-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"De-Tao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","first-page":"6235","article-title":"Upregulation of CSF-1 is correlated with elevated TAM infiltration and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Guo XY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo XY, Zhang JY, Shi XZ, et\u00a0al. Upregulation of CSF-1 is correlated with elevated TAM infiltration and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12: 6235\u20136249.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1280-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.03.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51149-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21070965"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1088205"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1440166"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-3841"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1564"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","first-page":"1885","article-title":"M2 TAM subsets altered by lactic acid promote T cell apoptosis through the PD-L1\/PD-1 pathway","volume":"44","author":"Shan T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shan T, Chen S, Chen X, et\u00a0al. M2 TAM subsets altered by lactic acid promote T cell apoptosis through the PD-L1\/PD-1 pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 44: 1885\u20131894.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-015-0655-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.02.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Vimentin expression is associated with decreased survival in gastric cancer","volume":"25","author":"Otsuki S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Otsuki S, Inokuchi M, Enjoji M, et\u00a0al. Vimentin expression is associated with decreased survival in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2011; 25: 1235\u20131242.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-015-0281-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-019-00606-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22396"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.22135"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261431055","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605261431055","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261431055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:49:00Z","timestamp":1777459740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605261431055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605261431055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605261431055","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"article-number":"03000605261431055"}}