{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:16:11Z","timestamp":1777943771818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangdong Medical Association clinical research special fund project","award":["A202301018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A202301018"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Health Commission","award":["A2023226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2023226"]}]},{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau Research Project of Guangdong Province in China","award":["20232116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between the endothelial activation and stress index and cardiovascular disease prevalence among postmenopausal women and to evaluate whether arterial stiffness, assessed by estimated pulse wave velocity, statistically accounts for part of this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 9877 postmenopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999\u20132018). Endothelial activation and stress index was log-transformed (LnEASIX), and arterial stiffness was assessed using estimated pulse wave velocity. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations with cardiovascular disease after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. Nonlinear trends were explored using restricted cubic splines, and mediation analysis were performed to assess the contribution of estimated pulse wave velocity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher LnEASIX was associated with greater cardiovascular disease prevalence (adjusted odds ratio per unit\u2009=\u20091.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.35\u20131.95). Risk increased sharply above an LnEASIX threshold of \u22120.97 (endothelial activation and stress index\u2009of approximately 0.38; odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.71\u20132.72). Estimated pulse wave velocity statistically accounted for 4.82% of this association. Associations were stronger in women with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated endothelial activation and stress index is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women, with arterial stiffness partially mediating this relationship. These findings highlight the potential utility of endothelial activation and stress index as a practical biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261434398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1777439818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endothelial activation and stress index links to cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women mediated by arterial stiffness: A cross-sectional study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Huidong","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoyue","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guancheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanrui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital (Guangzhou Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute, Guangzhou Tuberculosis Treatment Center) China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000912"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113663"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/157308"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S330"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0703-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00430.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.651"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01568"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03009-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-024-02534-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70130"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.70057"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-013-0387-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05802-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003469"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000239206.64270.5f"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_18_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCHS research Ethics Review Board (ERB) approval https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/irba98.htm (2024 accessed 11 November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106408"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30108-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02038-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_23_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blood pressure randomized methodology study comparing automatic oscillometric and mercury sphygmomanometer devices: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010","volume":"59","author":"Ostchega Y","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ostchega Y, Zhang G, Sorlie P, et\u00a0al. Blood pressure randomized methodology study comparing automatic oscillometric and mercury sphygmomanometer devices: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010. Natl Health Stat Report 2012; 59: 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S002"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004812"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.85870"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07317-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-018-0742-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S188680"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188211013917"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227058"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_35_2","first-page":"578","article-title":"Loss of 51chromium, lactate dehydrogenase, and 111indium as indicators of endothelial cell injury","volume":"57","author":"Chopra J","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chopra J, Joist JH, Webster RO. Loss of 51chromium, lactate dehydrogenase, and 111indium as indicators of endothelial cell injury. Lab Invest 1987; 57: 578\u2013584.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00050-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00252.2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200112000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002508"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2012.53.2.258"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312557"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14971"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041608"},{"key":"e_1_3_11_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07082-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261434398","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605261434398","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261434398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:36:49Z","timestamp":1777707409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605261434398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605261434398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605261434398","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"article-number":"03000605261434398"}}