{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:16:42Z","timestamp":1777943802560,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Development Incubation Fund Program of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital","award":["2023YJY-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YJY-58"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and development program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2024SF-YBXM-108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SF-YBXM-108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heat shock protein 90\u03b1 is involved in tumorigenesis; however, its concentration-dependent relationship and threshold with pulmonary nodules remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the association and critical threshold of plasma heat shock protein 90\u03b1 levels with the prevalence of pulmonary nodules in males aged \u226540 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 968 male participants (aged \u226540 years) undergoing low-dose computed tomography and plasma heat shock protein 90\u03b1 measurement from January 2022 to June 2024. Restricted cubic splines and segmented logistic regression were used to identify were the inflection point of the concentration-response relationship. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, smoking index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and family history of lung cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary nodules were detected in 40.2% (389\/968) of participants. The prevalence of pulmonary nodules increased from 28.7% to 51.0% across heat shock protein 90\u03b1 quartiles (P for trend &lt;0.001). A threshold was identified at 89.5\u2009ng\/mL (95% confidence interval: 87.2\u201393.1). Above this level, each 1\u2009ng\/mL increase in the heat shock protein 90\u03b1 levels was associated with a 3% higher prevalence of pulmonary nodules (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.01\u20131.05). The adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile was 1.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.26\u20132.80).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated plasma heat shock protein 90\u03b1 levels are associated with an increased prevalence of pulmonary nodules in asymptomatic males aged \u226540 years, with a critical threshold of 89.5\u2009ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261440829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1777439818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasma heat shock protein 90\u03b1 shows a concentration-dependent, threshold association with pulmonary nodules in asymptomatic males &gt;40 years undergoing low-dose computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8990-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Examination Center, Shaanxi Provincial People Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Examination Center, Shaanxi Provincial People Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Examination Center, Shaanxi Provincial People Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161659"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.708462"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Expression levels and clinical significance of heat shock protein 90\u03b1, \u03b22-microglobulin and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in serum of patients with lung cancer","volume":"53","author":"Leng CH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leng CH, Li J, Liu J, et\u00a0al. Expression levels and clinical significance of heat shock protein 90\u03b1, \u03b22-microglobulin and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in serum of patients with lung cancer. Shaanxi Med J 2024; 53: 1110\u20131113.","journal-title":"Shaanxi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","first-page":"1034","article-title":"High expression of serum HSP90\u03b1 and tissue HSP90\u03b11 gene in lung cancer and their prognostic value","volume":"57","author":"Dong XY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong XY, Zhong T, Ye YZ, et\u00a0al. High expression of serum HSP90\u03b1 and tissue HSP90\u03b11 gene in lung cancer and their prognostic value. J Anhui Med Univ 2022; 57: 1034\u20131040.","journal-title":"J Anhui Med Univ"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"693","article-title":"Value of serum PCNA and HSP90\u03b1 levels in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules","volume":"29","author":"Wang LH","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang LH, Ma XH, Gao JJ, et\u00a0al. Value of serum PCNA and HSP90\u03b1 levels in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. 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