{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:16:10Z","timestamp":1777943770672,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes, as measured using glycated hemoglobin level, fasting blood glucose level, and insulin requirements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess methodological quality. Meta\u2011analyses were performed using random\u2011effects models, with subgroup analysis conducted by probiotic strain. The study was registered with the Research Registry (reviewregistry2089).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six randomized controlled trials (483 children) were included. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin levels (weighted mean difference: \u22120.54%; 95% confidence interval: \u22120.90% to \u22120.18%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200919.65%) and insulin requirements (weighted mean difference: \u22120.082\u2009U\/kg\/day; 95% confidence interval: \u22120.147 to \u22120.017;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). Fasting blood glucose levels showed a non\u2011significant reduction (mean difference: \u221210.54\u2009mg\/dL; 95% confidence interval: \u221223.25 to 2.17;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.104; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the De Simone formulation explained 70.32% of the between\u2011study variance. No publication bias was detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Probiotic supplementation, particularly specific formulations, may reduce glycated hemoglobin levels and insulin needs in children with type 1 diabetes, supporting probiotics supplementation as an adjunctive therapy; however, larger trials are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261443077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1777439818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2715-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfang","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children\u2019s Health and Disease, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children\u2019s Health and Disease, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children\u2019s Hospital, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children\u2019s Health and Disease, 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