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We reviewed 35 cases from 23 studies and also presented a case report of an older female with a lipid droplet\u2013like foreign body in the anterior chamber postoperatively. The foreign body was surgically removed and confirmed to contain dexamethasone via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. Clinical data indicated that 82.9% of cases required ointment removal, and 37.1% needed intraocular lens exchange. In the present case, the patient\u2019s corneal endothelial cell density decreased, whereas visual acuity remained stable following cataract surgery. The primary causes of endothelial cell loss included contact with white petrolatum, mineral oil present in tobramycin\u2013dexamethasone ointment, and mechanical compression within the anterior chamber. We conclude that antibiotic eye ointment should not be used immediately after cataract surgery, and prompt removal is recommended if ointment is detected in the anterior chamber. To reduce intraocular lens contamination, ointment removal surgery should be performed without preoperative pupil dilation. Vigilance and timely intervention are essential, given the potential severity of these rare complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261443166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1778757512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection and analysis of antibiotic ointment in the anterior chamber following cataract surgery: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Hanlu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7147-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiafei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongxu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junmei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, China"},{"name":"Nankai University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1052-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, China"},{"name":"Nankai University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_12_2_2","unstructured":"Moshirfar M Milner D Patel BC. 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