{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:45:11Z","timestamp":1777945511722,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"key Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission","award":["K2023059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2023059"]}]},{"name":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China's Population High-Quality Development Research Project for 2025"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether blood cadmium levels are associated with the likelihood of developing human papillomavirus infection in women aged 20\u201359 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 7815 women in the 2005\u20132016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The nonlinear association was examined using generalized weighted models and smoothed curves, with subgroup analyses by age, body mass index, and other covariates. An independent validation cohort of 50 human papillomavirus\u2013positive patients and 50 human papillomavirus\u2013negative controls from Yuejianglou Community Health Center under the Medical Alliance of The Second Hospital of Nanjing was also used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human papillomavirus\u2013positive individuals exhibited higher average blood cadmium levels (0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.74\u2009\u03bcg\/L) than human papillomavirus\u2013negative individuals (0.48\u2009\u00b1\u20090.53\u2009\u03bcg\/L). A positive, nonlinear relationship was found. Subgroup analysis revealed that each unit increase in blood cadmium levels increased the risk of human papillomavirus infection by 34% in women aged 46\u201359 years with a body mass index of 25\u201330\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . The validation cohort confirmed significantly higher cadmium levels in human papillomavirus\u2013positive patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our research indicates a potential link between blood cadmium levels and human papillomavirus infection status, warranting further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261443918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:32:50Z","timestamp":1777512770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between blood cadmium and the likelihood of developing human papillomavirus infection: A combination of NHANES and clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1211-8850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyuan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Hospital of Nanjing"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Contraceptives Vigilance and Fertility Surveillance, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Fertility Protection and Health Technology Assessment, Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_10_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses","volume":"90","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2007","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 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