{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T07:07:55Z","timestamp":1779001675125,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Project of Southwest Medical University","award":["2024PZXNYD01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024PZXNYD01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess long-term global trends in the burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease\u2013related cirrhosis and develop a simplified, waist circumference\u2013based prediction model for early identification of individuals at risk of advanced liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study combined (i) ecological time-series analysis using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data (1990\u20132021) and (ii) cross-sectional analysis of population-based survey data (NHANES 2021\u20132023). A waist circumference\u2013based logistic regression model was developed and validated to predict metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease\u2013related advanced fibrosis, with subgroup evaluation and model calibration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Global analyses were based on Global Burden of Disease data across all World Health Organization regions and income groups. U.S.-based analyses used NHANES, a nationally representative health and nutrition survey, with data collected in community and outpatient settings across multiple states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Global Burden of Disease analysis included global population-level estimates from 204 countries. The NHANES component involved 11,933 adults aged \u226520 years, with subgroups defined by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease status, age, sex, and race\/ethnicity. Exclusion criteria included viral hepatitis and excessive alcohol use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an observational study with no interventions. The waist circumference\u2013based predictive model served as an analytic tool rather than a clinical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcomes were temporal trends in disability-adjusted life years attributable to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease\u2013related cirrhosis and the performance of a waist circumference\u2013based prediction model for advanced fibrosis (\u22659.5\u2009kPa by transient elastography). Secondary outcomes included subgroup-specific model performance (area under the curve, calibration) and comparison of metabolic profiles between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and non-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261446157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:45:11Z","timestamp":1778737511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global trends, epidemiological patterns, and disability burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease\u2013related cirrhosis from 1990 to 2021: A comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Xuli","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck and Thyroid Surgery, People's Hospital of Pengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University"},{"name":"Nucleic Acid Medicine, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00406-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00124-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13601"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00317-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00296-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10449"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","first-page":"e86963","article-title":"Pathological evolution and internal medicine management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the era of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)","volume":"17","author":"Hashim MMA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hashim MMA, Khan MAM, Ashraf MU, et\u00a0al. Pathological evolution and internal medicine management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the era of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Cureus 2025; 17: e86963.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1599"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5367"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001739"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.642509"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i10.695"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00183-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8393"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31420"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299487"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082858"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110699"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261446157","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605261446157","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261446157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T06:46:47Z","timestamp":1779000407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605261446157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605261446157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605261446157","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"article-number":"03000605261446157"}}