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Analyses included alpha\/beta diversity, compositional profiling, and cross-kingdom correlations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with rosacea exhibited higher bacterial diversity (Shannon index: 2.26\u2009\u00b1\u20091.12) than controls (0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07). Fungal communities underwent extreme restructuring with near-complete species replacement between individuals (Bray\u2013Curtis \u223c1.0). Skin oil content was a key determinant of microbial diversity. Cross-kingdom bacteria\u2013fungi correlations were weak and nonsignificant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rosacea is associated with distinctive cross-kingdom microbiome alterations, featuring increased bacterial diversity and profound fungal reorganization. These findings challenge prevailing dysbiosis paradigms and highlight the potential for therapeutic strategies targeting both bacterial and fungal elements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261454625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:43:28Z","timestamp":1781145808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A pilot study investigating the bacterial and fungal community shifts in facial skin in rosacea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1798-5632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaihua Key Laboratory of Ion Channels and Complex Diseases, Hunan University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaihua Key Laboratory of Ion Channels and Complex Diseases, Hunan University of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Nanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202013560"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18201"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18721"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00842-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50970-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1151527"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1285951"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18468"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO03083D"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417711124"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417711114"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12893"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2019.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","first-page":"527","article-title":"Human Demodex mites (Acari: Demodicidae) as a possible etiological factor in Rosacea: a cross-sectional study from Turkey","volume":"29","author":"Zeytun E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeytun E, Yazici M. 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