{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T13:23:02Z","timestamp":1787491382845,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication among critically ill patients, particularly those with acute cerebrovascular diseases, including acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar. Studies involving patients aged \u226518 years who were hospitalized in an intensive care unit for &gt;48\u2005h, required mechanical ventilation, and had a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were included. Risk of bias was assessed using a domain-based Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions framework across all included studies, with complementary Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale assessments for cohort and case\u2013control studies. Data were analyzed using Review Manager. No publication-year restrictions were applied, and all eligible studies indexed up to the date of the final search were considered for inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 16 studies involving 16,702 patients were included. The pooled incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 31.62% (95% confidence interval: 24.82%\u201338.42%). Older age (\u226565 years) (odds ratio: 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.68\u20134.48;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio: 2.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.05\u20133.93;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) were significantly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia, whereas diabetes mellitus demonstrated a borderline association (odds ratio: 1.52; 95% confidence interval: 1.00\u20132.29;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.05). In contrast, arterial hypertension (odds ratio: 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.63\u20131.57;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.98), tobacco use (odds ratio: 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.25\u201315.49,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.51), and tracheostomy (odds ratio: 2.19, 95% confidence interval: 0.73\u20136.58;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.16) were not consistently associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Risk of bias across the included studies was generally low to moderate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia remains a frequent complication among patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases. Older age and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were consistently associated with an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in our study. These findings may improve the understanding of ventilator-associated pneumonia risk in this understudied neurocritical population and provide a foundation for future prospective studies evaluating targeted preventive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261476804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:41:09Z","timestamp":1787316069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence rate and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in neurocritical patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8511-7237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian Orlando","family":"Casallas-Barrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Shaio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny Paola","family":"Garz\u00f3n-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Shaio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s Alejandro","family":"Cuevas-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Shaio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Silva-Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Shaio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Torres-Zafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Shaio, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Shaio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Andrea","family":"Franco-Ballen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de La Sabana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Mar\u00eda","family":"Bedoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de La Sabana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Antonio","family":"Buitrago-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Shaio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2662-8","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in patients with acute Ischaemic stroke: From pathophysiology to clinical practice","volume":"23","author":"Robba C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robba C, Bonatti G, Battaglini D, et al. 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