{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T14:13:57Z","timestamp":1788099237504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are widely prescribed for cardiovascular disease and are a well-recognized cause of cough. However, cough in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor may also reflect underlying pulmonary disease. This study compared the clinical, laboratory, and medication-related characteristics of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor users presenting with pulmonary and non-pulmonary cough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center study included 199 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\u2013treated patients who presented with cough to the Chest Diseases Outpatient Clinic of Giresun Training and Research Hospital between October 2021 and January 2025. Patients were classified as having cough with pulmonary or non-pulmonary causes according to available clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. Non-pulmonary cough was not considered synonymous with confirmed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\u2013induced cough; however, it indicated the absence of identifiable pulmonary pathology based on retrospective data. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor subtype characteristics were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 199 patients, 153 (76.9%) had pulmonary cough and 46 (23.1%) had non-pulmonary cough. Cough duration was longer\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">(p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.044) and dyspnea was more frequent (54.2% vs. 13.0%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in the pulmonary group. Perindopril use was more common in the non-pulmonary group, whereas ramipril use was more common among patients with pulmonary cough (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015). In a post hoc analysis limited to patients with documented angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor discontinuation and evaluable follow-up notes (n\u2009=\u200978), the overall distribution of cough-response categories differed between the groups (Fisher\u2013Freeman\u2013Halton exact\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039), with complete resolution observed in 33.3% of the patients in the non-pulmonary group and 7.9% patients in the pulmonary group. C-reactive protein levels were higher in the pulmonary group (10.87 vs. 5.67\u2005mg\/L,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010), whereas other hematological parameters did not differ significantly.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\u2013treated patients presenting with cough, shorter symptom duration, absence of dyspnea, and lower C-reactive protein levels may be more compatible with non-pulmonary or presumed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\u2013related cough, whereas prolonged cough, dyspnea, and elevated C-reactive protein levels may support the consideration of a pulmonary pathology. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require prospective validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261481609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:47:41Z","timestamp":1787921261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical analyses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor users presenting with cough to a chest diseases outpatient clinic: A single-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-5198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayriye","family":"Bekta\u015f Aksoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5641-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selda","family":"G\u00fcnayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ACCJ.ACCJ_12_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200606060-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.07.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1145","article-title":"ACE Inhibitors: comparison of ACE inhibitors (perindopril, ramipril & lisinopril) induced cough","volume":"23","author":"Nazir A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nazir A, Sheikh FM, Aslam S, et al. ACE Inhibitors: comparison of ACE inhibitors (perindopril, ramipril & lisinopril) induced cough. Professional Med J 2016; 23: 1145\u20131148.","journal-title":"Professional Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/ijmspr.v9i4.78"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"992","article-title":"Prevalence of cough among patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors","author":"Teklay G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teklay G, Gebremedhin A, Ayalew E. Prevalence of cough among patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Int J Pharma Sci Res 2014; 5: 992\u2013998.","journal-title":"Int J Pharma Sci Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Cough and angioedema in patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Are they always attributable to medication","volume":"79","author":"Zamora SG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zamora SG, Parodi R. Cough and angioedema in patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Are they always attributable to medication. Revista Argentina de Cardiologia 2011; 79: 157\u2013163.","journal-title":"Revista Argentina de Cardiologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56016\/dahudermj.1399360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-02029-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1267924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.1_suppl.169S"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38483.478183.EB"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Frequency of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) induced cough","volume":"26","author":"Saboor QA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saboor QA, Mahmud T, Agha S, et al. Frequency of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) induced cough. 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