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We outline core technical attributes of large language models and identify four validated anesthesiology-specific use cases: standardized learning resource generation, clinical scenario simulation, personalized remediation of knowledge gaps, and automated assessment tool development. Current evidence suggests that these applications improve trainee knowledge scores and reduce faculty workload. Key deployment barriers include the risk of hallucination in high-stakes anesthesia content and potential overreliance on large language models, which may impair independent clinical reasoning. We propose targeted mitigation strategies and a forward-looking research agenda for structured large language model integration. 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