{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:02:24Z","timestamp":1789790544319,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of NINGBO Leading Medical & Health Discipline","award":["2026-Z13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-Z13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and visceral fat area in adults with type 2 diabetes and assess the exposure\u2013response pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1271 adults with type 2 diabetes. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was analyzed as a continuous variable and by quartiles. Multivariable linear regression models were sequentially adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic factors, with body mass index added separately in the fully adjusted model. A generalized additive model was used to assess the exposure\u2013response relationship. Prespecified subgroup analyses were also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Visceral fat area differed across quartiles of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, with a lower median value in Q4 than in Q1 (87.0 vs. 96.0\u2005cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p\u2009=\u20090.002). Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with lower visceral fat area in the multivariable model without body mass index (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.77, 95% confidence interval: \u22121.13 to \u22120.41; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and in the body mass index-adjusted model (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.53, 95% confidence interval: \u22120.80 to \u22120.27; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In quartile analyses, participants in Q4 had lower visceral fat area than those in Q1 in the body mass index-adjusted model (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u221210.04, 95% confidence interval: \u221216.19 to \u22123.89; p\u2009=\u20090.0015), whereas the associations for Q2 and Q3 were not statistically significant; nevertheless, a significant trend was observed across quartiles (p for trend = 0.0005). The generalized additive model suggested an approximately linear inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and visceral fat area.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adults with type 2 diabetes, higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with lower HDS-2000-estimated visceral fat area, although the association was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index. This cross-sectional association should not be interpreted as independent of overall adiposity or unmeasured lifestyle, comorbidity, and treatment-related factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify temporality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261487246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:23:57Z","timestamp":1789543437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and visceral fat area in adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Junling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo No. 2 Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo No. 2 Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital; The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital; The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6788-4829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zichen","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital; The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianru","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo No. 2 Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7999-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lulu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital; The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029617"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-00961-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103491"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9423-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-024-00580-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0310-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee.","year":"2025","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025. 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