{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:59:48Z","timestamp":1790391588141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n Wilms tumor, a common childhood malignancy, has been hypothesized to be associated with environmental factors such as formaldehyde exposure. As a potential endocrine disruptor with reported pro-proliferative effects, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of formaldehyde in Wilms tumor remains unclear. This study systematically investigated the mechanisms linking formaldehyde exposure to Wilms tumor using network toxicology and transcriptomic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Transcriptomic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, whereas formaldehyde-related targets were predicted using the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals and Comparative Toxicogenomics databases. Candidate genes were screened through differential expression (|log2FC|\u2009>\u20092.5,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) and weighted gene coexpression network analyses. Prognostic key genes were identified using univariate and Lasso-Cox regression, with nomogram construction and survival analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE223373) were further analyzed to characterize cellular heterogeneity and the cell-type-specific expression patterns of the identified key genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Seventy-nine candidate genes associated with Wilms tumor were identified using multidimensional intersection analysis. These genes were significantly involved in pathways such as microRNAs in cancer and the cell cycle. Univariate Cox and Lasso-Cox regression analyses identified\n DCP1B<\/jats:italic>\n and\n HAS2<\/jats:italic>\n as key genes closely associated with the prognosis of patients with Wilms tumor. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis demonstrated that higher expressions of\n DCP1B<\/jats:italic>\n and\n HAS2<\/jats:italic>\n were significantly associated with better overall survival in these patients. The nomogram model constructed based on the two key genes demonstrated excellent calibration (area under the curve > 0.8) and clinical applicability. Network analysis identified\n NEAT1<\/jats:italic>\n , the hsa-let-7 microRNA, and transcription factors such as\n PDX1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n E2F1<\/jats:italic>\n were as core regulatory nodes. Single-cell analysis demonstrated pronounced stromal expansion within Wilms tumor specimens and further revealed that\n DCP1B<\/jats:italic>\n was preferentially enriched in tumor epithelial cells, whereas\n HAS2<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited a stromal-skewed distribution, predominantly within mesangial cells.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n DCP1B<\/jats:italic>\n and\n HAS2<\/jats:italic>\n were identified as key prognostic genes for Wilms tumor. These findings suggest that formaldehyde exposure is associated with Wilms tumor pathogenesis through the potential involvement of cancer-associated microRNA pathways and cell cycle signaling, which could contribute to dysregulated cell proliferation and apoptosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261488784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:57:34Z","timestamp":1790071054000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrative network toxicology and transcriptomic analyses identify\n DCP1B<\/i>\n and\n HAS2<\/i>\n as key prognostic biomarkers in formaldehyde-associated Wilms tumor"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Gui Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Na","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong Xian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang Yang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9349-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital), The Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43730-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148752","article-title":"Indoor air pollution and the health of vulnerable groups: a systematic review focused on particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their effects on children and people with pre-existing lung disease","volume":"19","author":"Maung TZ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maung TZ, Bishop JE, Holt E, et al. 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