{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:03:28Z","timestamp":1790229808659,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the associations of triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013related indices with all-cause, cardiovascular disease\u2013related, and cancer-related mortality in US adults with periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included individuals with periodontitis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey datasets covering the periods, 1988\u20131994, 1999\u20132004, and 2009\u20132014. The triglyceride\u2013glucose index and its combinations with body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio, was calculated. Mortality data were obtained by linking participants to the National Death Index records, with follow-up extending through 31 December 2019. Periodontitis was defined using partial-mouth periodontal examination based on clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth. Models were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic, and cohort-period covariates. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the associations of triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013related indices with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over a median follow-up period of 14.46 years, 6789 adult participants with periodontitis were included. During follow-up, 2883 all-cause deaths and 983 cardiovascular-related deaths were documented. In fully adjusted Cox models, triglyceride\u2013glucose, triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013waist circumference, and triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013waist-to-height ratio were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in continuous analyses. The corresponding hazard ratios were 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.04\u20131.28;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) for triglyceride\u2013glucose, 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.00\u20131.09;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033) per 100-unit increase in the triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013waist circumference, and 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.03\u20131.19;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) for the triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013waist-to-height ratio. For cardiovascular disease\u2013related mortality, triglyceride\u2013glucose and triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013waist-to-height ratio remained significantly associated with increased risk, with hazard ratios of 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.03\u20131.47;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025) and 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.01\u20131.32;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035), respectively. Triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013body mass index was not significantly associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease\u2013related, or cancer-related mortality. In quartile analyses, no significant increasing trend was observed across quartiles of triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013related indices.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013waist-to-height ratio demonstrated the most consistent association with mortality outcomes among US adults with periodontitis, being associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease\u2013related mortality in continuous analyses. Triglyceride\u2013glucose was also associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease\u2013related mortality, whereas triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013waist circumference was associated only with all-cause mortality. In contrast, triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013body mass index demonstrated no significant association with mortality outcomes. Given the multiple related comparisons and the observational design, these findings warrant cautious interpretation and require confirmation in independent populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261489330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:48:21Z","timestamp":1789966101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between triglyceride\u2013glucose\u2013related indices and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with periodontitis: A population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9499-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongdong","family":"Cen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Stomatological Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Toufani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-2383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanfeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University"},{"name":"China Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16627-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15462-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.23-0276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01798.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"periodontal and systemic implications: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Fiorillo L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiorillo L, Cervino G, Laino L, et al. 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