{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:26Z","timestamp":1792787726383,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Funding for Scientific Research Projects from Wuhan Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["2024TFJH03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TFJH03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047c53f83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and internally validate a day-28 clinical risk stratification model for retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective cohort study included preterm infants who underwent retinopathy of prematurity screening between January 2019 and January 2026. Postnatal day 28 was defined as a fixed analytic prediction landmark rather than the scheduled date of the first ophthalmic examination. Candidate predictors were restricted to routine perinatal and early neonatal variables available from birth through day 28. The primary outcome was any-stage retinopathy of prematurity diagnosed during subsequent screening. Severe retinopathy of prematurity and treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity were exploratory secondary outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop the model. Discrimination, calibration, internal validation using 1000-bootstrap resamples, risk stratification, and decision curve analysis were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 760 preterm infants were included. Any-stage retinopathy of prematurity occurred in 209 infants (27.5%), severe retinopathy of prematurity in 64, and treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity in 28. The apparent area under the curve was 0.868 (bootstrap percentile 95% confidence interval: 0.839\u20130.895), and the optimism-corrected area under the curve was 0.862. Apparent calibration in the development cohort was summarized by an intercept of 0.000, slope of 1.000, observed-to-expected ratio of 1.000, Brier score of 0.122, and Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      of 5.32 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.723). Observed retinopathy of prematurity rates were 5.6%, 24.8%, and 62.8% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. No infant in the low-risk group developed treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (0\/373; negative predictive value: 100.0%, 95% confidence interval: 99.0\u2013100.0).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The day-28 clinical risk stratification model demonstrated promising apparent and internally validated discrimination and acceptable apparent calibration for identifying preterm infants at risk of retinopathy of prematurity. It may support follow-up planning; however, it must not replace guideline-based retinopathy of prematurity screening. External validation is required before routine clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261492551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:16:14Z","timestamp":1792109774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and internal validation of a day-28 clinical risk stratification model for retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7882-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoman","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.4290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","article-title":"Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of","volume":"143","author":"Fierson WM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fierson WM; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. 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Screening guidelines of retinopathy of prematurity in China 2014. Chin J Ophthalmol 2014; 50: 933\u2013935.","journal-title":"Chin J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-2025-440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"509","article-title":"Are the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity in very low-birth-weight infants the same?","volume":"12","author":"Wu H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu H, Zhang J, Zhang J, et al. Are the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity in very low-birth-weight infants the same? 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