{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:46:12Z","timestamp":1791755172224,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Glucocorticoids are used to treat nephrotic syndrome; however, some patients develop resistance. T-lymphocyte subsets are involved in immune regulation and may be associated with disease progression and treatment response. The current prospective pilot cohort study explored T-cell immune phenotypes associated with steroid responsiveness in patients with nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Eleven patients newly diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome between 2023 and 2024, classified as steroid-sensitive or steroid-resistant based on treatment outcomes, and 14 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected at diagnosis (baseline), at weeks 4 and 8 after hormone therapy, and during monthly follow-up visits. T-cell subsets and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain\u2013containing protein 3 (TIM-3) expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Differences were identified by performing variance analysis, and correlations were assessed by performing linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n CD3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells differed between steroid-resistant patients and both steroid-responsive patients and controls (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). The proportion of CD3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n TIM-3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009T cells differed between controls and steroid-sensitive patients (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Steroid treatment was associated with an increase in CD3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009TIM-3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells and a potential negative correlation with albumin levels in steroid-sensitive patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n T-cell immune phenotypes, particularly TIM-3-expressing T cells, may be associated with steroid responsiveness in nephrotic syndrome. The current findings provide preliminary evidence for potential laboratory markers related to immune regulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261493753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:49:09Z","timestamp":1791517749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A pilot prospective cohort study: Changes in circulating T-lymphocyte subsets during steroid therapy in patients with nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First People's Hospital of Pingjiang County, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7956-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhifen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First People's Hospital of Pingjiang County, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30536-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39576.709711.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","article-title":"Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone","volume":"98","author":"The primary nephrotic syndrome in children","year":"1981","unstructured":"The primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone. A report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children. J Pediatr 1981; 98: 561\u2013564.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0088-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00870.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007111244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1984.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V103529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6232616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01499-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0224-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.10.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0289-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0251-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018028340"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261493753","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03000605261493753","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03000605261493753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:17:13Z","timestamp":1791753433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03000605261493753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03000605261493753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03000605261493753","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"article-number":"03000605261493753"}}