{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T23:45:12Z","timestamp":1791762312608,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catheter-related bladder discomfort is a common complication following transurethral resection of bladder tumor and may impair postoperative recovery. This study evaluated the effect of intraoperative nefopam on catheter-related bladder discomfort and postoperative recovery quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor under general anesthesia were allocated to either Group N (nefopam, 20\u2005mg) or Group S (normal saline). Catheter-related bladder discomfort was assessed using a 4-point scale at multiple postoperative time points. Catheter-related bladder discomfort was defined based on a score \u22651, and moderate-to-severe catheter-related bladder discomfort was defined based on a score \u22652. Postoperative recovery quality was evaluated using the Quality of Recovery 15 questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 72 patients were analyzed. The cumulative incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort (score \u22651) was 80.6% in Group N and 94.4% in Group S (risk difference, \u221213.9%; 95% confidence interval, \u221230.0% to 2.0%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.076). Longitudinal analysis of catheter-related bladder discomfort severity revealed significant time and group \u00d7 time interaction effects (both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with lower odds of greater catheter-related bladder discomfort severity in Group N during the early postoperative period. Moderate-to-severe catheter-related bladder discomfort (score \u22652) occurred in 16.7% of the patients in Group N and 58.3% of those in Group S (risk difference, \u221241.7%; 95% confidence interval, \u221258.6% to \u221219.5%; odds ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.05\u20130.43;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The Quality of Recovery 15 score at 24\u2005h was higher in Group N than in Group S (133.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.25 vs. 124.3\u2009\u00b1\u200914.1; mean difference, 9.2 points; 95% confidence interval, 3.2\u201315.2;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraoperative nefopam did not significantly reduce the cumulative incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort; however, it was associated with lower early postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort severity and a lower incidence of moderate-to-severe catheter-related bladder discomfort. Quality of Recovery 15 scores at 24\u2005h were also higher in the nefopam group.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (https:\/\/cris.nih.go.kr\/, KCT0011457)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605261495728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:02:25Z","timestamp":1791514945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of nefopam on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort after transurethral resection of the bladder under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9386-792X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yong","family":"Yeom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeungnam University","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8783-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong Uk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeungnam University","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4207-422X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinkyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeungnam University","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1185-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhee","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeungnam University","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9844-909X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heewon","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeungnam University","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5758-6741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunkyung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeungnam University","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2022.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","article-title":"Catheter-related bladder discomfort: insights into pathophysiology, clinical impact, and management","volume":"17","author":"Markopoulos T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Markopoulos T, Katsimperis S, Lazarou L, et al. 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