{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:22:05Z","timestamp":1777724525280,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]],"date-time":"1990-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":631152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostatic cancer is often locally advanced or metastatic when diagnosed, making surgical removal and radiotherapy ineffective treatments. Alternative therapy involves androgen deprivation because prostatic cancer is known to be androgen-dependent. Orchidectomy has proved effective but other methods of reducing androgen concentrations have also been developed. Oestrogens have proved effective, as have progestogens, and both steriodal and non-steroidal anti-androgens have been extensively studied. Another possible treatment is the use of inhibitors of androgen metabolism (aromatase and 5\u03b1-reductase). Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogues, which act as antagonists or agonists, have been shown to have efficacies comparable to those of other th\u00e9rapies. Adrenal suppression has provided a useful alternative to adrenalectomy, particularly because of the high morbidity rate of surgery in elderly patients. Complete androgen withdrawal using an anti-androgen in association with surgical or chemical castration may be a more superior treatment. Another possible approach is the use of somatostatin analogues, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of animal prostatic cancer cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Le cancer prostatique est souvent avanc\u00e9 \u00e0 niveau local ou m\u00e9tastatique au moment de son diagnostic, rendant ainsi son ablation chirurgicale et une radioth\u00e9rapie inefficaces. Le traitement alternatif consiste \u00e0 provoquer une r\u00e9duction des androg\u00e8nes \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que le cancer prostatique est r\u00e9put\u00e9 pour sa d\u00e9pendance sur les androg\u00e8nes. L'orchidectomie s'est av\u00e9r\u00e9e efficace, toutefois, d'autres m\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9duction des concentrations androg\u00e9niques ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es. Les oestrog\u00e8nes se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s efficaces ainsi que les progestog\u00e8nes, et les antiandrog\u00e8nes, tant st\u00e9ro\u00efdaux que non st\u00e9ro\u00efdaux, ont fait l'objet d'\u00e9tudes pouss\u00e9es. Une autre possibilit\u00e9 de traitement consisterait \u00e0 utiliser des inhibiteurs de m\u00e9tabolisme androg\u00e9nique (aromatase et 5\u03b1-r\u00e9ductase). On a prouv\u00e9 que l'efficacit\u00e9 des analogues d'hormones \u00e0 lib\u00e9ration et d'hormones lut\u00e9inisantes, qui fonctionnent comme des antagonistes ou des agonistes, \u00e9tait comparable \u00e0 celles des autres traitements. La r\u00e9duction surr\u00e9nale repr\u00e9sente une alternative utile \u00e0 la surr\u00e9nalectomie, en particulier en raison du taux de morbidit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 faisant suite aux interventions chirurgicales chez les patients \u00e2g\u00e9s. Une r\u00e9duction compl\u00e8te des androg\u00e8nes induite par un traitement antiandrog\u00e9nique en association avec une castration chirurgicale ou chimique peut repr\u00e9senter une meilleure solution. Une autre approche possible consisterait \u00e0 utiliser des analogues de somasto-statine qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9s capables d'inhiber la croissance des cellules du cancer prostatique chez l'animal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Il cancro prostatico viene sovente diagnosticato quando \u00e8 gi \u00e0 localmente avanzato o metastatico, il che rende inefficaci trattamenti come l'asportazione chirurgica e la radioterapia. La terapia alternativa comporta la deprivazione androgena, in quanto \u00e8 noto che il cancro prostatico \u00e8 androgeno-dipendente. L'orchiectomia si \u00e8 dimostrata efficace, tuttavia, sono stati messe a punto anche altre metodiche di riduzione delie concentrazioni androgene. Gli estrogeni si sono dimostrati efficaci, al pari dei progestinici e sia gli anti-androgeni steroidi che quelli non steroidi sono stati oggetto di studi approfonditi. Un altro possibile trattamento prevede l'impiego di inibitori del metabolismo androgeno (aromatase e 5\u03b1-riduttase). Sostanze analoghe all'LHRH, che agiscono corne antagonisti od agonisti, si sono dimostrate di efficacia comparabile a quella di altre terapie. La soppressione surrenale ha costituito un'utile alternativa alla surrenalectomia, in particolare a causa dell'elevato tasso di morbosit \u00e0 determ\u00ednate dalla chirurgia nei pazienti anziani. La completa deprivazione androgena impiegando un anti-androgeno associato alla castrazione chirurgica o chimica pu\u00f2 costituire un trattamento di maggiore efficacia. Un altro possibile approccio \u00e8 rappresentato dall'impiego di sostanze analoghe alla somatostatina, che si sono dimostrate capaci di inibire la crescita delie cellule tumorali prostatiche negli animali.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605900180s104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T15:23:24Z","timestamp":1483629804000},"page":"11-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prostatic Cancer Survey of Hormonal Treatment in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A. V.","family":"Bono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Regional Hospital, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Regional Hospital, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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