{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1777724930274,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]],"date-time":"1992-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":715305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a three-way, double-blind, crossover study the onset of action and effects at the end of the dosing interval of 10 mg\/day astemizole, 10 mg\/day loratadine and 120 mg\/day terfenadine forte given for 3 days to six atopic volunteers were assessed using the Vienna challenge chamber (VCC). With each treatment, two long-term pollen challenges were performed in the VCC: the first to assess the onset of action started 1 h before the first dose and lasted continuously for 5 h; the second to assess the effects at the end of dosing took place 21 h after the last of the three doses and lasted 3 h. All three drug treatments initiated 1 h after the beginning of challenge with grass pollen reversed the adverse effects of challenge on the subjective symptoms (runny, blocked or itchy nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, tears) and the objective parameters (nasal secretions, nasal resistance, nasal flow, flow increase, nasal peak flow) within 1 \u2212 3 h. The mean time to onset of action was 107 min for astemizole, 117 min after treatment for loratadine and 153 min for terfenadine forte.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>During the second allergen challenge, 21 \u2212 24 h after intake, astemizole consistently provided better protection for all parameters than did loratadine or terfenadine forte; however the differences were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In einer doppelblinden Dreiwege-Crossover-Studie wurden der Wirkungsbeginn und die Effekte am Ende des Dosierungsintervalls von 10 mg\/Tag Astemizol, 10 mg\/Tag Loratadin und 120 mg\/Tag Terfenadin forte beurteilt. Die drei Medikamente wurden f\u00fcr die Dauer von 3 Tagen an sechs allergische Freiwillige verabreicht. F\u00fcr die Beurteilung wurde die \u201cWiener Provokations-Kammer\u201d benutzt. Mit jeder Behandlung wurden zwei langzeitige Pollenexpositionen in der Wiener-Kammer durchgef\u00fchrt. Die erste Exposition, die 1 h vor Verabreichung der ersten Dosis begonnen wurde, diente der Abkl\u00e4rung des Wirkungsbeginns und wurde ununterbrochen \u00fcber 5 h fortgef\u00fchrt, wohingegen die zweite zur Abkl\u00e4rung der Effekte am Ende der Dosierung, 21 h nach der letzten der drei Dosen vorgenommen wurde und 3 h dauerte. Mit alien drei medikament\u00f6sen Behandlungen, die 1 h nach Beginn der Provokation mit Graspollen eingeleitet wurden, konnten die klinisch erfa\u00dfbaren Wirkungen der Provokation auf die subjektiven Symptome (laufende, verstopfte oder juckende Nase, Nie\u00dfreiz, juckende Augen, tr\u00e4nende Augen) aufgehoben werden. Die objektiven Parameter (Sekretproduktion der Nase, Nasenwiderstand, Nasendurchflu\u00df, Durchflu\u00dfzunahme, Nasen-Peakflow) zeigten nach 1 \u2212 3 h eine Verbesserung. Die mittlere Zeit bis zum Wirkungsbeginn betrug f\u00fcr Astemizol 107 min, f\u00fcr Loratadin 117 min nach der Behandlung und f\u00fcr Terfenadin forte 153 min. W\u00e4hrend der zweiten Allergenexposition, 21\u201324 h nach der Einnahme, stellte Astemizol f\u00fcr alle Parameter gleichbleibend einen besseren Schutz bereit als Loratadin oder Terfenadin forte. Die Unterschiede waren jedoch nicht statistisch signifikant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059202000507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T16:10:28Z","timestamp":1484064628000},"page":"422-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Onset and Duration of the Effects of Three Antihistamines in Current Use \u2013 Astemizole, Loratadine and Terfenadine Forte \u2013 Studied during Prolonged, Controlled Allergen Challenges in Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Horak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"J\u00e4cer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02436.x"},{"key":"bibr2-030006059202000507","first-page":"20","volume":"59","author":"Simons FR","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"bibr3-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058501300205"},{"key":"bibr4-030006059202000507","first-page":"436","volume":"61","author":"Oei HD","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"bibr5-030006059202000507","unstructured":"Kunkel G, Oei HD, Michel F,  Clinical efficacy of loratadine versus astemizole in allergic rhinitis. Proceedings of the XIVth Congress of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, 17\u201322 September 1989."},{"key":"bibr6-030006059202000507","unstructured":"Knight A Clinical evaluation of the comparative onset of action of astemizole, terfenadine and loratadine for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Proceedings of the Congress of the American Academy of Family Practice, 8\u221211 October, 1990."},{"key":"bibr7-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horak F, Toth J, J\u00e4ger S,  Effects of H1- receptor antagonists on nasal obstruction in atopic patients. Allergy 1992 (in press).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00720.x"},{"key":"bibr8-030006059202000507","first-page":"509","volume":"14","author":"Horak F","year":"1987","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wocheschr"},{"key":"bibr9-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90346-1"},{"key":"bibr10-030006059202000507","first-page":"465","volume":"63","author":"Togias AG","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"bibr11-030006059202000507","unstructured":"Liu WL, Trainsh KR, Towqrt R,  Effects of dimethinden maleate (Fenistil\u00ae) and some other antihistamines on histamine release from human cutaneous and rat peritoneal mast cells. European Histamine Research Society, Editorials and Abstracts, 20th Annual Meeting, May, 1991."},{"key":"bibr12-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.1.167"},{"key":"bibr13-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059001800306"},{"key":"bibr14-030006059202000507","first-page":"3","volume":"20","author":"Fish A","year":"1988","journal-title":"Allerg Immunol (Paris)"},{"key":"bibr15-030006059202000507","first-page":"318","volume":"62","author":"Paul E","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"bibr16-030006059202000507","first-page":"679","volume":"4","author":"Cainelli T","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharmatherapeutica"},{"key":"bibr17-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430080110"},{"key":"bibr18-030006059202000507","first-page":"41","volume":"230","author":"Wood SF","year":"1986","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"bibr19-030006059202000507","first-page":"24","volume":"9","author":"B\u00e4uerle G","year":"1986","journal-title":"Temp Med"},{"key":"bibr20-030006059202000507","unstructured":"McMillan JL, Simons KJ, Simons FER Double-blind, cross-over comparison of terfenadine, astemizole, chlorpheniramine and placebo: suppressive effects on histamine-induced wheal and flares. 46th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, Baltimore, 23\u201328 March 1990."},{"key":"bibr21-030006059202000507","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"Mercier P","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lett Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr22-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90220-5"},{"key":"bibr23-030006059202000507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997309111700"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030006059202000507","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030006059202000507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:41:09Z","timestamp":1777459269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/030006059202000507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/030006059202000507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/030006059202000507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}}}