{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:30:13Z","timestamp":1777725013967,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,1]],"date-time":"1993-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":752112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the most common malignancy in many tropical and subtropical countries. There is a well documented association with chronic urinary schistosomal infection, and bladder cancer associated with schistosomiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the endemic areas. Many factors have been suggested as possible causative agents in schistosome-associated bladder carcinogenesis but theories concerning the possible role of schistosomal infection in altering host metabolism of chemical carcinogens have received most attention. In experimental schistosomiasis there is a common pattern of changes in the activities of several hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes. Phase I enzymes show increased activities in the early stages of infection but these activities are reduced to below their pre-infection levels in the intermediate and late chronic stages of the disease. The activities of Phase II enzymes are altered in favour of the deconjugation pathways in the later stages of the disease. The possible basic mechanisms that might be involved in such changes during parasitism and their potential role in the induction of bladder neoplasia are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Le carcinome de la vessie est la forme de cancer la plus commune dans de nombreux pays tropicaux et sous-tropicaux. Il existe une association bien document\u00e9e avec l'infection schistosomale urinaire chronique, et le cancer de la vessie, associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la schistosomiase, est une cause importante de morbidit\u00e9 et de mortalit\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9gions end miques. De nombreux facteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sugg\u00e9r\u00e9s comme agents causatifs possibles dans la carcinog\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la vessie associ\u00e9e aux schistosomes mais les th\u00e9ories concernant le r\u00f4le possible de l'infection schistosomale dans l'alt\u00e9ration du m\u00e9tabolisme de l'h\u00f4te de carcinog\u00e8nes chimiques, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 beaucoup plus \u00e9cout\u00e9es. Dans le schistosomiase exp\u00e9rimentale, on observe un module commun dans les modifications de activit\u00e9s des plusieurs enzymes h\u00e9patiques de phase I et de phase II. Les enzymes de phase I pr\u00e9sentent un accroissement d'activit\u00e9s aux stades pr\u00e9coces de l'infection mais ces activit\u00e9s diminuent pour tomber \u00e1 des niveaux inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e1 ceux pr\u00e9ables \u00e1 l'infection pendant les stades interm\u00e9diaires et chroniques de la maladie. Les activit\u00e9s des enzymes de phase II sont modifi\u00e9es en faveur de voies de d conjugaison \u00e0 des stades plus avanc\u00e9s de la maladie. Les m\u00e9canimses de base qui sont peut-\u00eatre impliqu\u00e9s dans ces changements pendant le parasitisme et leur r\u00f4le potentiel dans le d\u00e9clenchement d'une n\u00e9oplasie de la vessie sont examin\u00e9s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059302100601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T01:09:19Z","timestamp":1484615359000},"page":"281-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Possible Mechanisms of Alteration in the Capacities of Carcinogen Metabolizing Enzymes during Schistosomiasis and Their Role in Bladder Cancer Induction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"A F","family":"Badawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M H","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/66.6.1192"},{"key":"bibr2-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860070514"},{"key":"bibr3-030006059302100601","first-page":"2801","volume-title":"Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 12 ed.","author":"Lucas S","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr4-030006059302100601","volume-title":"Schistosoma haematobium","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr5-030006059302100601","unstructured":"World Health Organization: The control of schistosomiasis. Report of a WHO Expert Committee, Technical Report Series no. 728, Geneva: WHO; 1985."},{"key":"bibr6-030006059302100601","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Tropical diseases. Technical Report Series no. TDR\/CTDY\/HH 90.1, Geneva: WHO; 1990."},{"key":"bibr7-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02218682"},{"key":"bibr8-030006059302100601","first-page":"1345","volume":"12","author":"Hitchcock SR","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"bibr9-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(92)90259-X"},{"key":"bibr10-030006059302100601","first-page":"96","volume":"32","author":"Schwatz DA","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"bibr11-030006059302100601","first-page":"684","volume":"72","author":"Tajima K","year":"1981","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr12-030006059302100601","first-page":"188","volume":"74","author":"Tajima K","year":"1983","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr13-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870101)59:1<179::AID-CNCR2820590134>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"bibr14-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.57.5.848"},{"key":"bibr15-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.6.628"},{"key":"bibr16-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910200619"},{"key":"bibr17-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90301-2"},{"key":"bibr18-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(91)91332-D"},{"key":"bibr19-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.5.877"},{"key":"bibr20-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/14.4.653"},{"key":"bibr21-030006059302100601","first-page":"33","volume":"3","author":"Badawi AF","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ramazzini Newsiett"},{"key":"bibr22-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(91)90019-R","volume":"257","author":"Kramers PGN","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"bibr23-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00499032"},{"key":"bibr24-030006059302100601","first-page":"181","volume-title":"The Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms","author":"Kawanishi T","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr25-030006059302100601","first-page":"3697","volume":"47","author":"Airoldi L","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr26-030006059302100601","first-page":"577","volume":"45","author":"Mirvish SS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr27-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470720592.ch2"},{"key":"bibr28-030006059302100601","first-page":"2946","volume":"48","author":"Guengerich FP","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr29-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99177-5","volume":"226","author":"Guengerich FP","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr30-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(81)90638-9"},{"key":"bibr31-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(69)90253-7"},{"key":"bibr32-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1980.60.4.1107"},{"key":"bibr33-030006059302100601","first-page":"329","volume":"37","author":"Guttenplan JB","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr34-030006059302100601","first-page":"91","volume":"1","author":"Mostafa MH","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ramazzini Newslett"},{"key":"bibr35-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(81)90212-4"},{"key":"bibr36-030006059302100601","first-page":"925","volume":"64","author":"Mostafa MH","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"bibr37-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0015-6264(81)90526-5"},{"key":"bibr38-030006059302100601","first-page":"343","volume":"24","author":"Mostafa MH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Agressologie"},{"key":"bibr39-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/4.5.537"},{"key":"bibr40-030006059302100601","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Environmental Toxicity and Carcinogenesis","author":"Mostafa MH","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr41-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90034-8"},{"key":"bibr42-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(05)80152-5"},{"key":"bibr43-030006059302100601","first-page":"93","volume":"3","author":"Mostafa MH","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Fac Sci U.A.E. Univ"},{"key":"bibr44-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-584551-9.50011-1"},{"key":"bibr45-030006059302100601","first-page":"1560","volume":"21","author":"Schmahl D","year":"1971","journal-title":"Helfor-schung"},{"key":"bibr46-030006059302100601","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Environmental Carcinogenesis, Ocurrence, Risk Evaluation and Mechanisms.","author":"O'Connor PJ","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr47-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1327-4_6"},{"key":"bibr48-030006059302100601","first-page":"111","volume":"823","author":"Saffhill R","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Acta"},{"key":"bibr49-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1240283"},{"key":"bibr50-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/10.10.1967"},{"key":"bibr51-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(84)90122-1"},{"key":"bibr52-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2.4.695","volume":"2","author":"Mostafa MH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"bibr53-030006059302100601","first-page":"1","volume":"84","author":"Chen MG","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trop Dis Bull"},{"key":"bibr54-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811215)48:12<2643::AID-CNCR2820481216>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"bibr55-030006059302100601","first-page":"301","volume":"42","author":"Johnstone PAS","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"bibr56-030006059302100601","first-page":"197","volume":"18","author":"Tawfik HN","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund"},{"key":"bibr57-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90036-E"},{"key":"bibr58-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1986.tb00284.x"},{"key":"bibr59-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30699-3","volume":"199","author":"Cha Y","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr60-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601238409372425"},{"key":"bibr61-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90541-7"},{"key":"bibr62-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(90)90375-U"},{"key":"bibr63-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000058820"},{"key":"bibr64-030006059302100601","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Environmental Chemicals, Enzymes Function and Human Disease.","author":"Oesch F","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr65-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)94103-7","volume":"264","author":"Song B-J","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr66-030006059302100601","first-page":"2983","volume":"33","author":"Czygan P","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr67-030006059302100601","first-page":"104","volume-title":"The Relevance of N-Nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms.","author":"Yang CS","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr68-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03602539009041082"},{"key":"bibr69-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57035-4"},{"key":"bibr70-030006059302100601","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Methods for Detecting DNA Damaging Agents in Humans.","author":"Saffhill R","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr71-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.239"},{"key":"bibr72-030006059302100601","unstructured":"Cooper DP, Badawi AF, Mostafa MH, Promutagenic DNA damage in two human populations at high risk for developing cancer in specific tissues. In: First International Conference on Environmental Mutagenesis in Human Populations at Risk. Cairo, Egypt. 1993; Jan 19\u201324 (Abstract)."},{"key":"bibr73-030006059302100601","first-page":"65","volume":"13","author":"Cooper DP","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"bibr74-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1974.82"},{"key":"bibr75-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(75)90028-3"},{"key":"bibr76-030006059302100601","first-page":"4875","volume":"42","author":"Conney AH","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr77-030006059302100601","first-page":"191","volume":"9","author":"Arcos JC","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"bibr78-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.12.2157"},{"key":"bibr79-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74775-5_9"},{"key":"bibr80-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-146-38152"},{"key":"bibr81-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74775-5_8"},{"key":"bibr82-030006059302100601","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Chemical Carcinogens, Vol 1 2nd ed, ACS Monograph No.","volume":"182","author":"Garner RC","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr83-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(87)90024-X"},{"key":"bibr84-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74775-5_4"},{"key":"bibr85-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/8.12.1913"},{"key":"bibr86-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29666-5","volume":"187","author":"Mitchell JR","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr87-030006059302100601","first-page":"173","volume":"32","author":"Boyland E","year":"1964","journal-title":"Adv Enzymol Mol Biol"},{"key":"bibr88-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(78)90129-1"},{"key":"bibr89-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67132-6_20"},{"key":"bibr90-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(82)90306-4"},{"key":"bibr91-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(84)90067-4"},{"key":"bibr92-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(86)80063-8"},{"key":"bibr93-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(88)80032-9"},{"key":"bibr94-030006059302100601","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Relevance of N-nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms.","author":"Miwa M","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr95-030006059302100601","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Relevance of N-nitroso Compounds to Human Cancer: Exposure and Mechanisms.","author":"Stuehr DJ","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr96-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197705122961903"},{"key":"bibr97-030006059302100601","first-page":"532","volume":"176","author":"Muller GC","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr98-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)82244-3","volume":"239","author":"Omura T","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bibr99-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470720592.ch14"},{"key":"bibr100-030006059302100601","first-page":"3888","volume":"36","author":"Cameron R","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr101-030006059302100601","first-page":"899","volume":"67","author":"Okita K","year":"1976","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr102-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1979.tb15333.x"},{"key":"bibr103-030006059302100601","first-page":"50","volume":"20","author":"Cameron R","year":"1970","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr104-030006059302100601","first-page":"7","volume":"20","author":"Kizer DE","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr105-030006059302100601","first-page":"108","volume":"9","author":"Wools WR","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Reticuloendothelial Soc"},{"key":"bibr106-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(80)90598-5"},{"key":"bibr107-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(76)90072-1"},{"key":"bibr108-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(82)90291-0"},{"key":"bibr109-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21878-X","volume":"229","author":"Peterson TC","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr110-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107599"},{"key":"bibr111-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910240613"},{"key":"bibr112-030006059302100601","first-page":"585","volume":"27","author":"Way CF","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Reticuloendothelial Soc"},{"key":"bibr113-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06659.x"},{"key":"bibr114-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.4.1596","volume":"127","author":"Maier R","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr115-030006059302100601","first-page":"85","volume":"25","author":"Kokoshis PL","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Reticuloendothelial Soc"},{"key":"bibr116-030006059302100601","first-page":"605","volume":"9","author":"Cook JA","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circ Shock"},{"key":"bibr117-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29042-5","volume":"179","author":"Bogdanski DF","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr118-030006059302100601","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Progression in Drug Metabolism. Vol.","volume":"1","author":"Hunter J","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr119-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.4.1023"},{"key":"bibr120-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74775-5_3"},{"key":"bibr121-030006059302100601","first-page":"1298","volume":"31","author":"Gelboin HV","year":"1972","journal-title":"Federation Proc"},{"key":"bibr122-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4061.576"},{"key":"bibr123-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.12.2239"},{"key":"bibr124-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/12.12.2195"},{"key":"bibr125-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/12.11.2151"},{"key":"bibr126-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.12.2133"},{"key":"bibr127-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/26.3.266"},{"key":"bibr128-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(84)90205-1"},{"key":"bibr129-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1971.20.237"},{"key":"bibr130-030006059302100601","first-page":"67","volume":"78","author":"Sherif M","year":"1975","journal-title":"Med Hyg"},{"key":"bibr131-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1963.75"},{"key":"bibr132-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19801001)46:7<1661::AID-CNCR2820460728>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"bibr133-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910340305"},{"key":"bibr134-030006059302100601","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Schistosomiasis: epidemiology, treatment and control","author":"Webbe G","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr135-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29613-6","volume":"184","author":"Haese WH","year":"1973","journal-title":"Schistosoma mansoni. J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr136-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30557-4","volume":"197","author":"Haese WH","year":"1976","journal-title":"Schistosoma mansoni. J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"bibr137-030006059302100601","first-page":"307","volume":"51","author":"Domingo FO","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr138-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910230117"},{"key":"bibr139-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(75)90107-8"},{"key":"bibr140-030006059302100601","first-page":"3836","volume":"38","author":"Kuntz RE","year":"1978","journal-title":"Concer Res"},{"key":"bibr141-030006059302100601","first-page":"21","volume":"45","author":"Kuntz RE","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"bibr142-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(75)90092-2"},{"key":"bibr143-030006059302100601","first-page":"223","volume":"48","author":"Kuntz RE","year":"1972","journal-title":"Schistosoma haematobium. J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"bibr144-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90279-9"},{"key":"bibr145-030006059302100601","first-page":"673","volume":"84","author":"Cheever AW","year":"1976","journal-title":"Schistosoma haematobium. Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr146-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/61.1.13"},{"key":"bibr147-030006059302100601","first-page":"3335","volume":"43","author":"Eriksson LC","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr148-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/4.5.577"},{"key":"bibr149-030006059302100601","first-page":"2698","volume":"44","author":"Kitahara A","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr150-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.7.3240"},{"key":"bibr151-030006059302100601","first-page":"460","volume":"47","author":"El-Mouelhi M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr152-030006059302100601","first-page":"3879","volume":"36","author":"Farber E","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr153-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/o84-066"},{"key":"bibr154-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60658-2"},{"key":"bibr155-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.12.2233"},{"key":"bibr156-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470720592.ch4"},{"key":"bibr157-030006059302100601","first-page":"2633","volume":"47","author":"Kaisary A","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr158-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000225116"},{"key":"bibr159-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197311012891802"},{"key":"bibr160-030006059302100601","first-page":"1","volume":"76","author":"Moore MA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr161-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/10.3.547"},{"key":"bibr162-030006059302100601","first-page":"4875","volume":"42","author":"Conney AH","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr163-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/6.2.209"},{"key":"bibr164-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.5.745"},{"key":"bibr165-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.759"},{"key":"bibr166-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870201)59:3<451::AID-CNCR2820590317>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"bibr167-030006059302100601","first-page":"1265","volume":"48","author":"Samma S","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr168-030006059302100601","first-page":"6668","volume":"50","author":"Steinberg GD","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr169-030006059302100601","first-page":"419","volume":"120","author":"Herman CJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"bibr170-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/2.12.1375"},{"key":"bibr171-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-202-43511A"},{"key":"bibr172-030006059302100601","author":"Badawi AF","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"bibr173-030006059302100601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1991.10.1"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030006059302100601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/030006059302100601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:41:21Z","timestamp":1777459281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/030006059302100601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"references-count":173,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/030006059302100601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/030006059302100601","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}}}