{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:30:18Z","timestamp":1777725018726,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]],"date-time":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":757382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Poor sleep is a common complaint, accounting for 4 \u2013 5% of all general practitioner consultations. Disorders of initiating sleep are overrated by patients compared with disorders of maintaining sleep, despite the greater effect of the latter on daytime performance. There is frequently a discrepancy between subjective observations and objective measurements of sleep. General practitioners should pay attention to sleep disorders lasting more than three weeks and should bear in mind that poor sleep is a symptom, the underlying cause of which needs to be determined. Good coordination of endogenous biorhythms and external life and working circumstances can positively influence sleeping patterns. Sleep onset latency determines the amount of deep sleep and, thus, the duration and stability of core sleep. General practitioners usually prescribe a single type of benzodiazepine drug with a half-life of 5 \u2013 10 h for sleep disorders. Such drugs cause the patient to fall asleep quickly, to have a considerable period of uninterrupted sleep with little waking and to wake in the morning with a subjective feeling of having slept well. A number of less desirable changes can occur, however, that may produce, for example, anxiety dreams, increased snoring and sleep apnoea periods at night, and weakness of muscles during the day. The third generation of hypnotic agents produce less undesirable changes than the second generation. Zolpidem (an imidazoypridine), one such agent, seems to provide an effective treatment for insomnia without inducing undesirable side-effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Mangelhafter Schlaf ist eine haufige Beschwerde, die 4 \u2013 5% aller Konsultationen praktischer \u00c4rzte ausmacht. Einschlafst\u00f6rungen werden von Patienten \u00fcberbewertet im Vergleich zu Schlafst\u00f6rungen, trotz des gr\u00f6\u00dferen Effekts der letzteren auf die Tagesleistung. H\u00e4ufig besteht eine Diskrepanz zwischen subjektiver Beobachtung und objektiven Me\u00dfwerten von Schlaf. Praktische \u00c4rzte sollten Schlafstorungen, die l\u00e4nger als drei Wochen andauern, Aufmerksamkeit schenken und sie sollten nicht vergessen, da\u00df mangelhafter Schlaf ein Symptom ist, dessen zugrunde liegende Ursache ermittelt werden mu\u00df. Gute Koordination endogener Biorythmen und externer Lebens- und Arbeitsumst\u00e4nde kann Schlafmuster positiv beeinflussen. Die Latenz des Schlafbeginns determiniert die Menge des Tiefenschlafes und somit die L\u00e4nge und Stabilit\u00e4t des Kernschlafes. Praktische \u00c4rzte verschreiben gegen Schlafstorungen normalerweise nur eine Art Benzodiazepin-Medikament mit einer Halbwertzeit von 5 bis 10 Stunden. Solche Medikamente lassen den Patienten schnell einschlafen, erlauben ihm einen beachtlichen Zeitraum ununterbrochenen Schlafes mit seltenem Erwachen und lassen ihn Morgens mit einem subjektiven Gef\u00fchl gut geschlafen zu haben aufwachen. Jedoch kann eine Anzahl weniger w\u00fcnschenswerter Veranderungen auftreten. Diese k\u00f6nnen zum Beispiel w\u00e4hrend der Nacht Angsttr\u00e4ume, verst\u00e4rktes Schnarchen und Perioden von Schlafapnoe hervorrufen und zu Muskelschw\u00e4chen w\u00e4hrend des Tages f\u00fchren. Die dritte Generation der hypnotischen Mittel produziert weniger unerw\u00fcnschte Veranderungen als die zweite Generation. Zolpidem (ein Imidazoypridin), ein solches Mittel, scheint eine effektive Behandlung von Schlafl\u00f6sigkeit zu bieten, ohne unerw\u00fcnschte Nebenwirkungen herbeizuf\u00fchren.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/030006059402200101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T02:08:09Z","timestamp":1484532489000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Is \u2018Poor Sleep\u2019 Too Vague a Concept for Rational Treatment?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"A C","family":"Declerck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Polysomnography, Institute Kempenhaeghe, Sterkselseweg 65, 5591 VE Heeze, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-030006059402200101","volume-title":"Atlas of Electroencephalography","author":"Gibbs FA","year":"1942"},{"key":"bibr2-030006059402200101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3062.273"},{"key":"bibr3-030006059402200101","volume-title":"The International Classification of Sleep Disorders","author":"American Sleep Disorders Association","year":"1900"},{"key":"bibr4-030006059402200101","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Benzodiazepines, Today and Tomorrow","author":"Priest RG","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr5-030006059402200101","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Benzodiazepines Today and Tomorrow","author":"Gentil Filho V","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr6-030006059402200101","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","author":"Nicholson AN","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr7-030006059402200101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770050067011"},{"key":"bibr8-030006059402200101","volume-title":"Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle","author":"Oniani T","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr9-030006059402200101","volume-title":"Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle","author":"Parmeggiani PL","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr10-030006059402200101","unstructured":"Rechtschaffen A, Kales A: A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. 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