{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:14:59Z","timestamp":1777918499384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Medical Association","award":["2019ZYC-A76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZYC-A76"]}]},{"name":"Scientific research foundation of Zhejiang Medical Association","award":["2018ZYC-B5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZYC-B5"]}]},{"name":"Xisike-Hanson Cancer Research Foundation","award":["Y-HS2019-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-HS2019-20"]}]},{"name":"The Science and Technology Planning project of Zhejiang Province","award":["LGF19H160002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF19H160002"]}]},{"name":"the Technology Bureau of Jiaxing City of Zhejiang Province","award":["2017BY18050 and 2018AD32163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017BY18050 and 2018AD32163"]}]},{"name":"the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China","award":["2019RC027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RC027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tumori"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The immune checkpoint ligand, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), is expressed in various tumors and associated with response to drugs that target programmed cell death protein 1. Previous studies have estimated the level of PD-L1 expression among different stages of thymoma and thymic carcinoma to evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic factor; however, its varying expression level has been problematic. We conducted this meta-analysis of published literature to evaluate PD-L1 expression in thymomas and thymic carcinomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 12 studies that included 320 patients with type A\/AB\/B1 thymoma, 225 patients with type B2\/B3 thymoma, and 180 patients with thymic carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No difference in PD-L1 expression level was found between the B2\/B3 vs C groups (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26, 1.76; p = 0.42). However, the heterogeneity was very high ( I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 78%), and a significant difference was found between groups A\/AB\/B1 and B2\/B3 (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12, 0.41; p &lt; 0.001), with a relatively low heterogeneity ( I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 55%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD-L1 positivity might be a useful factor to differentiate type A\/AB\/B1 thymoma from type B2\/B3 and thymic carcinoma. This result might be valuable for potential anti PD-L1 treatment in thymoma and thymic carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300891620915788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T04:00:51Z","timestamp":1588651251000},"page":"306-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["PD-L1 expression level in different thymoma stages and thymic carcinoma: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Hua-Fei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Disease Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Xin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Disease Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Disease Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Cai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Disease Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Xian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemotherapy, Chinese Academy of Sciences University Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9021-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4877-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Qi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Disease Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyx138"},{"key":"bibr2-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.08.037"},{"key":"bibr3-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1271010"},{"key":"bibr4-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.05.038"},{"key":"bibr5-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31821ea5f7"},{"key":"bibr6-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5732\/cjc.014.10122"},{"key":"bibr7-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13110"},{"key":"bibr8-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-016-0107-3"},{"key":"bibr9-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481402100308"},{"key":"bibr10-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30062-7"},{"key":"bibr11-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.10.018"},{"key":"bibr12-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0434"},{"key":"bibr13-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.044"},{"key":"bibr14-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.6"},{"key":"bibr15-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.09.023"},{"key":"bibr16-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.04.013"},{"key":"bibr17-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-016-0144-8"},{"key":"bibr18-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182665"},{"key":"bibr19-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.12.005"},{"key":"bibr20-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000429"},{"key":"bibr21-0300891620915788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000653"},{"key":"bibr22-0300891620915788","author":"Chen 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