{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:16:22Z","timestamp":1777918582958,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tumori"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this Phase II trial was to verify the therapeutic activity and tolerability of chemotherapy with lonidamine (LND) plus cyclophosphamide (CTX) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the elderly. The rationale of the combination is reported. CTX showed mild toxicity, with a 12% objective response (OR) in monochemotherapy; LND potentiated the in vitro antiproliferative activity of alkylating agents, mainly CTX, without increasing myelotoxicity, particularly important in the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The schedule consisted of CTX, 600 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/i.v. on day 1 every 21 days for 6 cycles; LND, 450 mg\/die\/p.o. from day 1 to progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between November 1990 and April 1991, 41 patients with stage III\u2013IV NSCLC were enrolled; 35 were assessable for response. Median age was 73 years (range, 71\u201379 years); 13 patients (32%) presented stage III A, 20 (49%) stage III b, and 8 (19%) stage IV disease. Cardiovascular conditions and\/or chronic respiratory failure contraindicated surgical treatment in stage III A patients. Of enrolled patients, 14.6% experienced PR, 48.8% SD and 14.6% dropped out of the study. Median time to progression was 4 months (range, 2\u20139 months) and median survival 9 months (range 3\u201345 months). No patient showed WHO grade IV LND-related toxicity. In 1 patient (2.5%), LND was discontinued after 5 therapy cycles due to WHO grade III myalgia; in 80% of patients, LND oral dosage was reduced to 300 mg\/day due to WHO grade II myalgia, and 20% of patients completed treatment with the full dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTX plus LND can be considered a well tolerated therapeutic approach in the elderly with NSCLC with good PS and good liver, renal and cardiac conditions, but 14.6% PR is a slightly better result as compared with 12% PR obtainable with CTX alone as reported in the literature, even though most patients presented with advanced disease and no specific toxic effect was observed. Therefore, a confirmatory randomized trial (CTX vs CTS plus LND) would hardly be useful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/030089169508100112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T05:28:37Z","timestamp":1523942917000},"page":"48-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lonidamine plus Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Adanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly: A Phase II Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Franco","family":"Salvati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Antilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Cruciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Mugnaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Nunziati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Portalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. Forlanini\u201d, Roma)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Signora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Pneumologia VIII, Unit\u00e0 Operativa CNR-ACRO. Ospedale \u201cC. 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