{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:53:14Z","timestamp":1785336794723,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Situs inversus (SI) is a congenital condition characterized by left\u2013right transposition of thoracic and visceral organs and associated vasculature. The usual asymmetrical positioning of organs is established early in development in a transient structure called the embryonic node. The 2-cilia hypothesis proposes that 2 kinds of primary cilia in the embryonic node determine left\u2013right asymmetry: motile cilia that generate a leftward fluid flow, and immotile mechanosensory cilia that respond to the flow. Here, we describe 3 mouse SI models that provide support for the 2-cilia hypothesis. In addition to having SI, Dpcd\/Poll\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice (for: deleted in a mouse model of primary ciliary dyskinesia) and Nme7\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice (for: nonmetastatic cells 7) had lesions consistent with deficient ciliary motility: Hydrocephalus, sinusitis, and male infertility developed in Dpcd\/Poll\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, whereas hydrocephalus and excessive nasal exudates were seen in Nme7\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. In contrast, the absence of respiratory tract lesions, hydrocephalus, and male infertility in Pkd1l1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice (for: polycystic kidney disease 1 like 1) suggested that dysfunction of motile cilia was not involved in the development of SI in this line. Moreover, the gene Pkd1l1 has considerable sequence similarity with Pkd1 (for: polycystic kidney disease 1), which encodes a protein (polycystin-1) that is essential for the mechanosensory function of immotile primary cilia in the kidney. The markedly reduced viability of Pkd1l1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice is somewhat surprising given the absence of any detected abnormalities (other than SI) in surviving Pkd1l1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice subjected to a comprehensive battery of phenotype-screening exams. However, the heart and great vessels of Pkd1l1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice were not examined, and it is possible that the decreased viability of Pkd1l1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice is due to undiagnosed cardiovascular defects associated with heterotaxy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985809353553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]],"date-time":"2010-03-08T17:16:15Z","timestamp":1268068575000},"page":"120-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Situs Inversus in\n                    <i>\n                      Dpcd\/Poll\n                      <sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup>\n                      , Nme7\n                      <sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup>\n                    <\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>\n                      Pkd1l1\n                      <sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/sup>\n                    <\/i>\n                    Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. M.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. C.","family":"Freay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. P.","family":"Zambrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. T.","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985809353553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-35109-2_6"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985809353553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084576"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985809353553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)43041-4"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985809353553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320160107"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985809353553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(08)00806-5"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985809353553","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/0470014067.ch10","volume-title":"Model organisms in drug discovery","author":"Beltrandelrio 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