{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T08:27:00Z","timestamp":1779179220609,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]],"date-time":"2010-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spironucleus spp are parasites of fish and terrestrial vertebrates, including mice and turkeys, that rarely cause extraintestinal disease. Two rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) were experimentally inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus mac251. Both progressed to simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome within 1 year of inoculation and developed systemic protozoal infections in addition to common opportunistic infections, including rhesus cytomegalovirus, rhesus lymphocryptovirus, and rhesus adenovirus. In the first case, the protozoa were associated with colitis, multifocal abdominal abscessation, and lymphadenitis. In the second case, they were one of a number of organisms associated with extensive pyogranulomatous pneumonia and colitis. Ultrastructural, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the causative organism to be a species of Spironucleus closely related to Spironucleus meleagridis of turkeys. This report is the first of extraintestinal infection with Spironucleus sp in higher mammals and expands the list of opportunistic infections found in immunocompromised rhesus macaques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810363704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]],"date-time":"2010-03-30T00:14:43Z","timestamp":1269908083000},"page":"488-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systemic Spironucleosis in 2 Immunodeficient Rhesus Macaques (\n                    <i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Regional Primate Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Southborough, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Both authors contributed equally to this research."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Regional Primate Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Southborough, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Both authors contributed equally to this research."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Regional Primate Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Southborough, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"MacKey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Regional Primate Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Southborough, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. G.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Regional Primate Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Southborough, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, New England Regional Primate Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Southborough, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.1.203-207.1998"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(03)00025-2"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985810363704","first-page":"623","volume":"15","author":"Boorman GA","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7160-012904"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761929000200006"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.003013"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.177.09.854","volume":"177","author":"Ferguson HW","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985810363704","first-page":"62","volume":"28","author":"Flatt RE","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.6.130-a"},{"key":"bibr10-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0065-227X(96)84742-3"},{"key":"bibr11-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.15.484"},{"key":"bibr12-0300985810363704","unstructured":"Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Committee on Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats: Companion Guide to Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1991."},{"key":"bibr13-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000028015"},{"key":"bibr14-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1990.tb00418.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-205"},{"key":"bibr16-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-1-19"},{"key":"bibr17-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1997.tb01136.x","volume":"44","author":"Kuhn EM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"key":"bibr18-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367777780936747"},{"key":"bibr19-0300985810363704","first-page":"782","volume":"27","author":"Kunstyr I","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr20-0300985810363704","first-page":"35","volume":"188","author":"Lackner AA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"bibr21-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404"},{"key":"bibr22-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.5.828"},{"key":"bibr23-0300985810363704","first-page":"377","volume":"20","author":"Levine ND","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lab Anim Care"},{"key":"bibr24-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao014091"},{"key":"bibr25-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao060049"},{"key":"bibr26-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01160.x"},{"key":"bibr27-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao033063"},{"key":"bibr28-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao056155"},{"key":"bibr29-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588201907s06"},{"key":"bibr30-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3271929"},{"key":"bibr31-0300985810363704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/7250-080204R"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985810363704","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985810363704","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985810363704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:48:54Z","timestamp":1777661334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985810363704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985810363704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985810363704","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]]}}}