{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:41:18Z","timestamp":1789425678905,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors describe genital alterations and detailed histologic findings in baboons naturally infected with Treponema pallidum. The disease causes moderate to severe genital ulcerations in a population of olive baboons ( Papio hamadryas anubis) at Lake Manyara National Park in Tanzania. In a field survey in 2007, 63 individuals of all age classes, both sexes, and different grades of infection were chemically immobilized and sampled. Histology and molecular biological tests were used to detect and identify the organism responsible: a strain similar to T pallidum ssp pertenue, the cause of yaws in humans. Although treponemal infections are not a new phenomenon in nonhuman primates, the infection described here appears to be strictly associated with the anogenital region and results in tissue alterations matching those found in human syphilis infections (caused by T pallidum ssp pallidum), despite the causative pathogen\u2019s greater genetic similarity to human yaws-causing strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811402839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T20:55:08Z","timestamp":1300308908000},"page":"292-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["<i>Treponema<\/i>\n                    Infection Associated With Genital Ulceration in Wild Baboons"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Knauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus Liebig University Gie\u00dfen, Gie\u00dfen, Germany"},{"name":"Research Group Emerging Zoonoses, Robert-Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. K.","family":"Batamuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mlengeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology Monitoring Department, Tanzania National Parks, Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kilewo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology Monitoring Department, Tanzania National Parks, Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. A. V.","family":"Lejora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology Monitoring Department, Tanzania National Parks, Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nordhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbiology and Epizootics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Genetics and Epidemiology of Herpesviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. N.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholar Program, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Fyumagwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Hoare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Failing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus Liebig University Gie\u00dfen, Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wehrend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus Liebig University Gie\u00dfen, Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Kaup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Pathology, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. H.","family":"Leendertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Emerging Zoonoses, Robert-Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"M\u00e4tz-Rensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Pathology, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01513-1"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985811402839","first-page":"836","volume":"64","author":"Baylet R","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985811402839","first-page":"842","volume":"64","author":"Baylet R","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.046714"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.601-605.2001"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.3168-3170.1999"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517768"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646207782716901"},{"key":"bibr10-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515247"},{"key":"bibr11-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00784-06"},{"key":"bibr12-0300985811402839","unstructured":"Dixon WJ: BMDP Statistical Software Manual, vols. 1 and 2. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 1993."},{"key":"bibr13-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008064118057"},{"key":"bibr14-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10695-10699.2003"},{"key":"bibr15-0300985811402839","first-page":"102","volume":"69","author":"Engelkens HJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr16-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000155411"},{"key":"bibr17-0300985811402839","first-page":"113","volume":"3","author":"Fribourg-Blanc A","year":"1969","journal-title":"Primates Med"},{"key":"bibr18-0300985811402839","first-page":"474","volume":"56","author":"Fribourg-Blanc A","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"bibr19-0300985811402839","first-page":"454","volume":"79","author":"Fribourg-Blanc A","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr"},{"key":"bibr20-0300985811402839","first-page":"41","volume-title":"L\u2019origine de la syphilis en Europe: avant ou apres 1493?","author":"Froment A:","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr21-0300985811402839","unstructured":"Fyumagwa RD, Wiik H, Lukasik M, Kilewo M, Semuguruka WDa, Kihwele ES, Wambura PN, Sudi FF: Genital infection in baboons in Manyara and Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Scientific Conference, December 4\u20136, 2003, Arusha, Tanzania, pp.170\u2013177."},{"key":"bibr22-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl092"},{"key":"bibr23-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.12.015"},{"key":"bibr24-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00427.x"},{"key":"bibr25-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000148"},{"key":"bibr26-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1965.67.4.02a00020"},{"key":"bibr27-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620180027008"},{"key":"bibr28-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-4470-3.50072-0"},{"key":"bibr29-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tvj.v26i1.49231"},{"key":"bibr30-0300985811402839","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth Scientific TAWIRI Conference","author":"Knauf S","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr31-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01578-06"},{"key":"bibr32-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00261-08"},{"key":"bibr33-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1941-1946.2001"},{"key":"bibr34-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02557597"},{"key":"bibr35-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-195602000-00002"},{"key":"bibr36-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2008.10.017"},{"key":"bibr37-0300985811402839","unstructured":"Mlengeya TDK: Distribution Pattern of a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) of Olive Baboon in Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania. College of African Wildlife Management, Moshi, Tanzania, 2004."},{"key":"bibr38-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.59.3.695-700.1993"},{"key":"bibr39-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.6.2011-2013.1990"},{"key":"bibr40-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.1.49-54.1996"},{"key":"bibr41-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-4470-3.50025-2"},{"key":"bibr42-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.74.1.63"},{"key":"bibr43-0300985811402839","first-page":"226","volume":"47","author":"Smith JL","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr44-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320698"},{"key":"bibr45-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020879700286"},{"key":"bibr46-0300985811402839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000076479"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985811402839","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985811402839","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985811402839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:50:40Z","timestamp":1777661440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985811402839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985811402839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985811402839","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]}}}