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They may cause confusion for inexperienced pathologists and those not specialized in neuropathology, leading to misinterpretations and wrong diagnoses. Alternatively, changes may mask underlying neuropathological processes. \u201cSpecialized structures\u201d comprising the hippocampus and the circumventricular organs, including the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, subfornical organ, subcommissural organ, pineal gland, median eminence\/neurohypophyseal complex, choroid plexus, and area postrema, are displayed. Unusual cell types, including cerebellar external germinal cells, CNS progenitor cells, and Kolmer cells, are presented. In addition, some newly recognized cell types as of yet incompletely understood significance and functionality, such as synantocytes and aldynoglia, are introduced and described. Unusual reactive astrocytes in cats, central chromatolysis, neuronal vacuolation, spheroids, spongiosis, satellitosis, melanosis, neuromelanin, lipofuscin, polyglucosan bodies, and psammoma bodies may represent incidental findings of uncertain or no significance and should not be confused with significant microscopic changes. Auto- and heterolysis as well as handling and histotechnological processing may cause postmortem morphological changes of the CNS, including vacuolization, cerebellar conglutination, dark neurons, Buscaino bodies, freezing, and shrinkage artifacts, all of which have to be differentiated from genuine lesions. Postmortem invasion of micro-organisms should not be confused with intravital infections. Awareness of these different changes and their recognition are a prerequisite for identifying genuine lesions and may help to formulate a professional morphological and etiological diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812450719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]],"date-time":"2012-06-13T01:21:09Z","timestamp":1339550469000},"page":"122-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Nonlesions, Unusual Cell Types, and Postmortem Artifacts in the Central Nervous System of Domestic Animals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Wohlsein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Deschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach (Ri\u00df), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-004-1374-y"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050518"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901820508"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688120"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985812450719","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Greenfield\u2019s Neuropathology","author":"Auer RN","year":"2002","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985812450719","volume-title":"Applied Veterinary Histology","author":"Banks WJ","year":"1993","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589102800409"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(89)90091-1"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02461077"},{"key":"bibr10-0300985812450719","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Greenfield\u2019s Neuropathology","author":"Berry M","year":"2002","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr11-0300985812450719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2005.00637.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0300985812450719","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme G. 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