{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:10:46Z","timestamp":1784830246029,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]],"date-time":"2012-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Three wild American black vultures (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Coragyps atratus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were presented to rehabilitation centers with swelling of multiple joints, including elbows, stifles, hocks, and carpal joints, and of the gastrocnemius tendons. Cytological examination of the joint fluid exudate indicated heterophilic arthritis. Radiographic examination in 2 vultures demonstrated periarticular soft tissue swelling in both birds and irregular articular surfaces with subchondral bone erosion in both elbows in 1 bird. Prolonged antibiotic therapy administered in 2 birds did not improve the clinical signs. Necropsy and histological examination demonstrated a chronic lymphoplasmacytic arthritis involving multiple joints and gastrocnemius tenosynovitis. Articular lesions varied in severity and ranged from moderate synovitis and cartilage erosion and fibrillation to severe synovitis, diffuse cartilage ulceration, subchondral bone loss and\/or sclerosis, pannus, synovial cysts, and epiphyseal osteomyelitis. No walled bacteria were observed or isolated from the joints. However, mycoplasmas polymerase chain reactions were positive in at least 1 affected joint from each bird. Mycoplasmas were isolated from joints of 1 vulture that did not receive antibiotic therapy. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from joint samples and the mycoplasma isolate identified\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycoplasma corogypsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 2 vultures and was suggestive in the third vulture.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycoplasma corogypsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    identification was confirmed by sequencing the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of mycoplasma isolates. This report provides further evidence that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. corogypsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a likely cause of arthritis and tenosynovitis in American black vultures. Cases of arthritis and tenosynovitis in New World vultures should be investigated for presence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycoplasma spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    , especially\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. corogypsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812457791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T20:15:56Z","timestamp":1345234556000},"page":"291-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Mycoplasma Corogypsi<\/i>\n                    \u2013Associated Polyarthritis and Tenosynovitis in Black Vultures (\n                    <i>Coragyps atratus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"A. J. Van","family":"Wettere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"},{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. H.","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Raptor Center, Huntersville, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. D.","family":"Buckanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Valerie H. Schindler Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Asheboro, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Degernes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1368853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098586900600502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-35.3.586"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Avian Histopathology","author":"Fletcher OJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fletcher OJ, Abdul-Aziz T, Barnes HJ. Skeletal system. In: Fletcher OJ, ed. Avian Histopathology. Jacksonville, FL: American Association of Avian Pathologists; 2008:128\u2013134."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13506120903090759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)66024-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Mycoplasma in a red-tailed hawk foot","volume":"6","author":"Howard DJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Howard DJ, Mueller L. Mycoplasma in a red-tailed hawk foot. J Avian Med Surg. 1992;6(4):205","journal-title":"J Avian Med Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"59","volume-title":"A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Avian Pathogens","author":"Kleven SH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kleven SH. Mycoplasmosis. In: Dufour-Zavala L, Glisson JR, Jackwood MW, , eds. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Avian Pathogens. 5th ed. 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