{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:09:13Z","timestamp":1784257753235,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM) is characterized by a symmetric general proprioceptive ataxia in young horses, and is likely underdiagnosed for 2 reasons: first, clinical signs overlap those of cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy; second, histologic lesions\u2014including axonal spheroids in specific tracts of the somatosensory and motor systems\u2014may be subtle. The purpose of this study was (1) to utilize immunohistochemical (IHC) markers to trace axons in the spinocuneocerebellar, dorsal column\u2013medial lemniscal, and dorsospinocerebellar tracts in healthy horses and (2) to determine the IHC staining characteristics of the neurons and degenerated axons along the somatosensory tracts in EDM-affected horses. Examination of brain, spinal cord, and nerves was performed on 2 age-matched control horses, 3 EDM-affected horses, and 2 age-matched disease-control horses via IHC for calbindin, vesicular glutamate transporter 2, parvalbumin, calretinin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Primary afferent axons of the spinocuneocerebellar, dorsal column\u2013medial lemniscal, and dorsospinocerebellar tracts were successfully traced with calretinin. Calretinin-positive cell bodies were identified in a subset of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, suggesting that calretinin IHC could be used to trace axonal projections from these cell bodies. Calretinin-immunoreactive spheroids were present in EDM-affected horses within the nuclei cuneatus medialis, cuneatus lateralis, and thoracicus. Neurons within those nuclei were calretinin negative. Cell bodies of degenerated axons in EDM-affected horses are likely located in the dorsal root ganglia. These findings support the role of sensory axonal degeneration in the pathogenesis of EDM and provide a method to highlight tracts with axonal spheroids to aid in the diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815598787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T23:09:21Z","timestamp":1438988961000},"page":"77-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Evidence of the Primary Afferent Tracts Undergoing Neurodegeneration in Horses With Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy Based on Calretinin Immunohistochemical Localization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"C. J.","family":"Finno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Valberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Shivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"D\u2019Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. G.","family":"Armi\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA"},{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.6.823"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588402100404"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050311"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12015"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00817.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.43-5-740"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985815598787","volume-title":"The Anatomy of the Neuron","author":"King AS","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01842-3"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1989.tb01355.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1987.tb01985.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr11-0300985815598787","first-page":"1","volume":"68","author":"Mayhew IG","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr12-0300985815598787","first-page":"802","volume":"30","author":"Nappert G","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"bibr13-0300985815598787","volume-title":"Calcium-Binding Proteins in Health and Disease","author":"Norman AW","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr14-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(94)90010-8"},{"key":"bibr15-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90004-U"},{"key":"bibr16-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.3.1343"},{"key":"bibr17-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00302-7"},{"key":"bibr18-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0037-7"},{"key":"bibr19-0300985815598787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812439074"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985815598787","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985815598787","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985815598787","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:56:10Z","timestamp":1777661770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985815598787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985815598787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985815598787","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]]}}}