{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:06:28Z","timestamp":1787018788467,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The olive ridley sea turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea), considered the most abundant sea turtle species, is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. The most important nesting areas are located in the Eastern Pacific, and congenital malformations have been previously reported in this species. The present study was conducted in a single population at El Verde beach, one of the most important nesting beaches for the species in the northwestern Mexican Pacific. The study was based on embryos that had been incubated in a controlled environment. Schistosomus reflexus syndrome (SRS) was observed in 124 of 20\u00a0257 olive ridley embryos (0.6%), comprising 124 of 400 (31%) cases of congenital malformations over a 7-month period. Affected embryos had malformations of the carapace, bridge, or plastron, resulting in exposure of the abdominal or thoracic viscera, as well as spinal malformation and abnormal positioning of limbs adjacent to the head with subsequent ankylosis. SRS phenotypes (although lethal) varied from mild to severe, although most cases were severe. SRS was mostly associated with congenital malformations in the neck (short neck, 80%), tail (anury, 38%), and flippers (different types of dysmelias, 53%). In most cases of severe SRS, ankyloses were present. Documenting these findings could be important to identify the cause of the developmental defects, and identification of the cause of the defects may be of significance to the population and to our efforts to manage this and other populations at risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816651682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T14:13:50Z","timestamp":1465481630000},"page":"171-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Schistosomus Reflexus Syndrome in Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (\n                    <i>Lepidochelys olivacea<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"B\u00e1rcenas-Ibarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Mazatl\u00e1n, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Rojas-Lleonart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Central \u201cMarta Abreu\u201d de Las Villas (IRL), Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. I.","family":"Lozano-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Ciudad Victoria (RILG), Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Mazatl\u00e1n, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985816651682","unstructured":"Abreu-Grobois A, Plotkin P. MSTG global assessment of olive ridley turtles for the IUCN Red List. Submitted to IUCN Species Survival Commission. 2007. www.iucn-mtsg.org\/red_list\/. Accessed January 10, 2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-0300985816651682","first-page":"95","volume":"4","author":"Ali AMH","year":"2011","journal-title":"IOSR-JAVS"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-19572007000300017"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985816651682","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Research and Management Techniques for the Conservation of Sea Turtles","author":"Balazs GH","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23342"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985816651682","volume-title":"Veterinary Obstetrics","author":"Benesch F","year":"1950"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985816651682","first-page":"1393","volume":"42","author":"Bezek DM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet Pract"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985816651682","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Research and Management Techniques for the Conservation of Sea Turtles","author":"Bolten AB","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985816651682","first-page":"602","volume":"107","author":"Cantrell JR","year":"1958","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"bibr10-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320360122"},{"key":"bibr11-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00174-0"},{"key":"bibr12-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/1668-CJAS"},{"key":"bibr13-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.90.18.509"},{"key":"bibr14-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.77.47.1386"},{"key":"bibr15-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030485"},{"key":"bibr16-0300985816651682","first-page":"17","volume":"10","author":"Garba HS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Camel Newsletter"},{"key":"bibr17-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-142x.2001.003002047.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.1999.9706237"},{"key":"bibr19-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110480"},{"key":"bibr20-0300985816651682","first-page":"149","volume-title":"La Fecondazione Artiificiale nelle specie minori, ATTI Workshop","author":"Ianni DF","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr21-0300985816651682","volume-title":"Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 2.0","author":"International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr22-0300985816651682","first-page":"74","volume":"3","author":"Jana D","year":"2013","journal-title":"Explor Anim Med Res"},{"key":"bibr23-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.02951.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr24-0300985816651682","first-page":"179","volume":"9","author":"Kawata K","year":"1961","journal-title":"Jpn J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr25-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09988.x"},{"key":"bibr26-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0272R1.1"},{"key":"bibr27-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2005.00624.x"},{"key":"bibr28-0300985816651682","volume-title":"FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 11: Sea Turtles of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Sea Turtles Species Known to Date","author":"M\u00e1rquez R","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr29-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.12.010"},{"key":"bibr30-0300985816651682","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","author":"Miller JD","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr31-0300985816651682","first-page":"49","volume":"59","author":"Molina VM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Med Vet Zoot"},{"key":"bibr32-0300985816651682","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Biology of Sea Turtles","author":"Pritchard PCH","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr33-0300985816651682","first-page":"52","volume":"6","author":"Rajani CV","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Vet Anim Sci Res"},{"key":"bibr34-0300985816651682","volume-title":"Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital diseases (Theriogenology)","author":"Roberts SJ","year":"1986","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr35-0300985816651682","first-page":"157","volume":"30","author":"Russo R","year":"1996","journal-title":"Birth Def"},{"key":"bibr36-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2013.06.001"},{"key":"bibr37-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1967.tb04757.x"},{"key":"bibr38-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.4.330"},{"key":"bibr39-0300985816651682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320280302"},{"key":"bibr40-0300985816651682","volume-title":"The Anatomy of Sea Turtles","author":"Wyneken J","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985816651682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985816651682","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985816651682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:57:02Z","timestamp":1777661822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985816651682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985816651682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985816651682","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]}}}