{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:26:46Z","timestamp":1777919206292,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]],"date-time":"2016-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A previously unrecognized condition is described in wild free-ranging Pribilof arctic foxes ( Alopex lagopus pribilofensis) from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA. This condition is called shaggy lame fox syndrome (SLFS) denoting the primary clinical signs first observed. Criteria used to suspect SLFS on gross examination included emaciation, failure to shed winter pelage and moderate to severe polyarthritis. Criteria used to confirm SLFS histologically included polyarthritis (characterized by lymphoplasmacytic synovitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, periosteal bony proliferation, and periarticular lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis) and systemic leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Other histological lesions often found included renal cortical infarcts, myocarditis with myocardial infarcts, lymphoplasmacytic meningitis, lymphoplasmacytic cuffing of meningeal and a few cerebral vessels, and cavitating infarcts of the brainstem and thalamus. The cause of SLFS is not known at this time; however, the gross and histological lesions suggest that the cause of SLFS may be a bacterial polyarthritis with a secondary immune-mediated vasculitis. These lesions are consistent with changes described with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in domestic dogs; E. rhusiopathiae was identified from the synovial membrane of a swollen stifle joint and the kidney from one fox using real-time polymerase chain reaction and with culture from a fox that had gross and histological lesions of SLFS. Therefore, E. rhusiopathiae is a possible etiological agent for SLFS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816660745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]],"date-time":"2016-08-19T22:49:42Z","timestamp":1471646982000},"page":"258-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Shaggy Lame Fox Syndrome in Pribilof Island Arctic Foxes (\n                    <i>Alopex lagopus pribilofensis<\/i>\n                    ), Alaska"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"T. R.","family":"Spraker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985816660745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2002.00588.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985816660745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1977.tb05662.x"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985816660745","unstructured":"Bailey EP. Introduction of foxes to Alaskan islands\u2014history, effects on avifauna, and eradication. Resource publication 193. Washington, DC: US Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service; 1993:1\u201353."},{"key":"bibr4-0300985816660745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100617"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985816660745","volume-title":"Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evan HE","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985816660745","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals","author":"Leighton FA","year":"2001","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985816660745","volume-title":"Workbook for Cementum Analysis","author":"Matson GM","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985816660745","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Pathology of Domestic Animals","volume":"1","author":"Maxie MG","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985816660745","first-page":"299","volume":"82","author":"Mohn SF","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol. Scand B: Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"bibr10-0300985816660745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03546786"},{"key":"bibr11-0300985816660745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03546768"},{"key":"bibr12-0300985816660745","first-page":"291","volume":"84","author":"Nordstoga K","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol. Scand [A]"},{"key":"bibr13-0300985816660745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04560.x"},{"key":"bibr14-0300985816660745","unstructured":"Pengilly D. Variation in skull measurements of North American arctic foxes,\n                      Alopex lagopus\n                      L. and the taxonomic status of\n                      A. l. hallensis\n                      Merriam and\n                      A. l. pribilofensis\n                      Merriam. Fairbanks: University of Alaska, Fairbanks; 1981:1\u2013206."},{"key":"bibr15-0300985816660745","unstructured":"Quinn PJ, Markey BK, Carter ME, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. In: Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease. Cornwall, UK: Blackwell; 2002:76\u201379."},{"key":"bibr16-0300985816660745","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Veterinary Microbiology, Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases","author":"Songer JG","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr17-0300985816660745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.2.450"},{"key":"bibr18-0300985816660745","first-page":"158","volume-title":"Pathology of Domestic Animals","volume":"1","author":"Thompson K","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr19-0300985816660745","first-page":"433","volume-title":"Veterinary Immunology","author":"Tizard IR","year":"2009","edition":"8"},{"key":"bibr20-0300985816660745","first-page":"606","volume-title":"Pathological Basis of Veterinary Diseases","author":"Van Vleet JE","year":"2007","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr21-0300985816660745","volume-title":"Alopex lagopus pribilofensis","author":"White PA. Social organization and activity patterns of arctic foxes","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985816660745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985816660745","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985816660745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:57:15Z","timestamp":1777661835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985816660745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985816660745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985816660745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]]}}}