{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:16:12Z","timestamp":1784830572601,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007149","name":"U.S. Bureau of Land Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Molar apical elongation (MAE) was the leading cause for euthanasia or death in a captive breeding colony of endangered Amargosa voles ( Microtus californicus scirpensis). Clinical signs included ocular discharge, abnormal mastication, dyspnea, abnormal mentation, weight loss, and death. Although the severity varied, all molars in all quadrants were affected. When severe, the overgrown molar reserve crown and apex protruded into the nasal meatuses, the orbit, the calvarial vault and through the ventral margin of the mandible. Overall prevalence in the colony was 63% (92\/146 voles) and increased to 77% in aged voles (&gt;1 year). Mean age of onset was 5.3 months (1.7\u201311.2 months). Progression to extreme severity occurred over 1 to 3 months. Mean survival was 10.9 months (7.1\u201321.7 months). Histologically, the lesion was characterized by odontogenic hyperplasia and dysplasia. MAE was also documented in museum specimens of 2 other M. californicus subspecies ( M. californicus californicus, M. californicus vallicola) and 3 other Microtus species ( M. montanus, M. pennsylvanicus, M. socialis). In the M. californicus californicus collection, overall prevalence was 35.1% (129\/368 skulls) and increased to 77.3% in aged voles (&gt;1 year). A probable genetic influence was identified in the museum collection of M. californicus californicus. The etiopathogenesis of MAE is likely multifactorial, due to (1) inherent continuous odontogenic proliferation, (2) inadequate occlusal attrition, and (3) possible heritable disease susceptibility. In captivity, dietary or other management of occlusal attrition to prevent or delay MAE is a fundamental concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818758469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T22:34:25Z","timestamp":1524004465000},"page":"572-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Apical Elongation of Molar Teeth in Captive\n                    <i>Microtus<\/i>\n                    Voles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Denise M.","family":"Imai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Pesapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine & Epidemiology, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina N.","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Investigations Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell A.","family":"Okino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine & Epidemiology, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J. M.","family":"Verstraete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical & Radiological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA."},{"name":"These authors share last authorship."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Molecular & Genomic Imaging, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"},{"name":"These authors share last authorship."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985818758469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2006.03.002"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985818758469","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Rabbit and Rodent Dentistry Handbook","author":"Capello V","year":"2005","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985818758469","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Rabbit and Rodent Dentistry Handbook","author":"Capello V","year":"2005","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985818758469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875641503200205"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985818758469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6986-2_9"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985818758469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875649501200403"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985818758469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/868.1"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985818758469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-2980-6.00008-8"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985818758469","unstructured":"Foley J, Clifford DL. 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