{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:21:38Z","timestamp":1784830898083,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51 RR013986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51 RR013986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates has been sporadically reported in the literature. This study describes 22 cases of coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates within an endemic region, and 79 cases of coccidioidomycosis from the veterinary literature are also reviewed. The 22 cases included baboons ( n = 10), macaques ( n = 9), and chimpanzees ( n = 3). The majority died or were euthanized following episodes of dyspnea, lethargy, or neurologic and locomotion abnormalities. The lungs were most frequently involved followed by the vertebral column and abdominal organs. Microscopic examination revealed granulomatous inflammation accompanied by fungal spherules variably undergoing endosporulation. Baboons represented a large number of cases presented here and had a unique presentation with lesions in bone or thoracic organs, but none had both intrathoracic and extrathoracic lesions. Although noted in 3 cases in the literature, cutaneous infections were not observed among the 22 contemporaneous cases. Similarly, subclinical infections were only rarely observed (2 cases). This case series and review of the literature illustrates that coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates reflects human disease with a varied spectrum of presentations from localized lesions to disseminated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818787306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T22:24:10Z","timestamp":1533248650000},"page":"905-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Coccidioidomycosis in Nonhuman Primates: Pathologic and Clinical Findings"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Koistinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Mullaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Nalca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ondraya","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camenzind G.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Scot","family":"Estep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Veterinary Pathology Associates LLC, Spring Branch, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Lance","family":"Batey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Veterinary Pathology Associates LLC, Spring Branch, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Edward J.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Owston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.12.024"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000460147"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr3-0300985818787306","first-page":"509","volume":"41","author":"Bellini S","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985818787306","first-page":"119","volume":"23","author":"Benirschke K","year":"1981","journal-title":"Erkrankungen Zootiere"},{"issue":"14","key":"bibr5-0300985818787306","first-page":"80","volume":"5","author":"Biddle M","year":"1953","journal-title":"Atti Cong Int Microbiol Rome"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985818787306","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Association of Primate Veterinarians Workshop","author":"Black R","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985818787306","first-page":"613","volume":"39","author":"Blundell GP","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr8-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1975.167.07.657","volume":"167","author":"Breznock AW","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr9-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.09.1209","volume":"189","author":"Burton M","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr10-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.177.09.933","volume":"177","author":"Castleman WL","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr11-0300985818787306","first-page":"644","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals","author":"Caswell JL","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr12-0300985818787306","volume-title":"Fungal pneumonia: A Silent Epidemic. Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr13-0300985818787306","first-page":"105","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr14-0300985818787306","first-page":"217","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr15-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.029"},{"key":"bibr16-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.86.5.1041-1051.1963"},{"key":"bibr17-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.83.4.871-878.1962"},{"key":"bibr18-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.30.3.678-695.1966"},{"key":"bibr19-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.804-839.2004"},{"key":"bibr20-0300985818787306","unstructured":"Fiennes R. Fungi Zoonoses of Primates: The Epidemiology and Ecology of Simian Diseases in Relation to Man. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1967:77\u201392."},{"key":"bibr21-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2000.00561.x"},{"key":"bibr22-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2003.11833250"},{"key":"bibr23-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01526.x"},{"key":"bibr24-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02525-10"},{"key":"bibr25-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0440226"},{"key":"bibr26-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_3.S286"},{"key":"bibr27-0300985818787306","first-page":"443","volume":"107","author":"Hamerton AE","year":"1937","journal-title":"Proc the Zool Soc London Series B"},{"key":"bibr28-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020002"},{"key":"bibr29-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2005.01155.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.018"},{"key":"bibr31-0300985818787306","volume-title":"4th International Conference on Coccidioidomycosis","author":"Hood HB","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr32-0300985818787306","first-page":"127","author":"Ingram KS","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Assoc Zoo Vet Annu Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr33-0300985818787306","first-page":"208","volume":"29","author":"Johnson JH","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"bibr34-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.12.3721-3723.1998"},{"key":"bibr35-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0203.960305"},{"key":"bibr36-0300985818787306","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: Papers","author":"Kruse RH","year":"1967"},{"key":"bibr37-0300985818787306","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists","author":"Long JC","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr38-0300985818787306","first-page":"748","volume":"21","author":"Maddy KT","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr39-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1984.tb00123.x"},{"key":"bibr40-0300985818787306","first-page":"136","volume":"104","author":"McKenney FD","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr41-0300985818787306","first-page":"111","volume":"2","author":"Mense MG","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Primatol"},{"key":"bibr42-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PDM.0b013e3181b3aa55"},{"key":"bibr43-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00459-10"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr44-0300985818787306","first-page":"52","volume":"11","author":"Pappagianis D","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cercocebus atys, in Davis, California. Sabouraudia"},{"key":"bibr45-0300985818787306","unstructured":"ProMED-mail: Coccidioidomycosis\u2014USA (04): Tissue culture contamination, alert: International Society for Infectious Diseases, http:\/\/www.promedmail.org\/post\/1476274."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr46-0300985818787306","first-page":"39","volume":"15","author":"Rapley WA","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"bibr47-0300985818787306","volume-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Coccidioidomycosis","author":"Reed RE","year":"1984"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr48-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1984.185.11.1379","volume":"185","author":"Rosenberg DP","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr49-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1846"},{"key":"bibr50-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.007"},{"key":"bibr51-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.36.12.1394"},{"key":"bibr52-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3087-3091.2000"},{"key":"bibr53-0300985818787306","volume-title":"A Case Report of Coccidioides immitis in an Immature Chimpanzee","author":"Strutton WH","year":"1964"},{"key":"bibr54-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.005"},{"key":"bibr55-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1295723"},{"key":"bibr56-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.108.3.62-a"},{"key":"bibr57-0300985818787306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1971.tb04456.x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985818787306","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985818787306","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985818787306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:58:55Z","timestamp":1777661935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985818787306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985818787306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985818787306","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]}}}