{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:27:56Z","timestamp":1777919276145,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015900","name":"ovc pet trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Quaker parrot has been used as a psittacine model to study clinical lipidology and lipid-related disorders. However, while Quaker parrots appear to be anecdotally susceptible to a variety of spontaneous dyslipidemic disorders and lesions caused by excess lipid accumulation, epidemiologic data are lacking. A multicenter retrospective study on 652 pathology submissions (411 necropsies and 243 biopsies) from Quaker parrots was performed by recording the final pathological diagnoses, age, and sex for each bird. The prevalence of lesions associated with lipid metabolism, such as hepatic lipidosis, atherosclerosis, xanthomas, adipose tumors, coelomic steatitis\/steatonecrosis, endogenous lipid pneumonia, and acute pancreatic necrosis\/pancreatitis, was reported. Multiple logistic regression models were used to characterize the effects of sex and age on these lesions, and the prevalence of hepatic lipidosis and atherosclerosis was compared to those in a random sample of control psittacine birds. The raw prevalence of atherosclerosis and hepatic lipidosis was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4%\u20137.8%) and 21.2% (95% CI, 17.2%\u201325.1%), respectively. While the prevalence of atherosclerosis was similar to other psittacine species, hepatic lipidosis was more common in Quaker parrots. Quaker parrots also showed a unique susceptibility to acute pancreatic necrosis with a prevalence of 12.9% (95% CI, 9.7%\u201316.1%). Male parrots were found to be more susceptible than females to lipid accumulation lesions ( P = .0024), including atherosclerosis ( P = .018) and hepatic lipidosis ( P &lt; .001). This retrospective study confirms the high susceptibility of Quaker parrots to lipid-related disorders and presents epidemiological data that may be useful to avian clinicians, pathologists, and researchers using Quaker parrots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818800025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T04:17:26Z","timestamp":1537762646000},"page":"282-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Lipid-Related Lesions in Quaker Parrots (\n                    <i>Myiopsitta monachus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3612-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugues","family":"Beaufr\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drury","family":"Reavill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo\/Exotic Pathology Service, Sacramento, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Heatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Susta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933911000481"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985818800025","first-page":"98","volume-title":"5-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian","author":"Beaufrere H","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.12.1696"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2013-030"},{"key":"bibr5-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813488958"},{"key":"bibr6-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.607427"},{"key":"bibr7-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2013.11.017"},{"key":"bibr8-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4096801"},{"key":"bibr9-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2013.01.008"},{"key":"bibr10-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421481.ch30"},{"key":"bibr11-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.01.014"},{"key":"bibr12-0300985818800025","first-page":"959","volume-title":"Goldman-Cecil Medicine","author":"Forsmark C","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr13-0300985818800025","first-page":"87","author":"Graham D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Am Assoc Zoo Vet"},{"key":"bibr14-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2787"},{"key":"bibr15-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i07"},{"key":"bibr16-0300985818800025","first-page":"313","author":"Laniesse D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet"},{"key":"bibr17-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oglesbee B, Lightner B, Oglesbee M. Coelomic granulomatous fat necrosis (lipogranulomatosis) in an umbrella cockatoo (\n                      Cacatua alba\n                      ). 2014;28(3):242\u2013250.","DOI":"10.1647\/2013-048R1"},{"key":"bibr18-0300985818800025","unstructured":"Petzinger C. Lipid Metabolic Effects of Dietary N-3 Fatty Acids on Learning Ability and Potential Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Monk Parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) and Energy Needs for Growth in This Species [PhD dissertation]. College Station: Texas A&M University; 2012."},{"key":"bibr19-0300985818800025","first-page":"297","author":"Petzinger C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet"},{"key":"bibr20-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2004.04.008"},{"key":"bibr21-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2013.09.004"},{"key":"bibr22-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118828007"},{"key":"bibr23-0300985818800025","first-page":"4090","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Spillmann T","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr24-0300985818800025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30135066"},{"key":"bibr25-0300985818800025","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis","author":"Wilson P","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985818800025","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985818800025","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985818800025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:59:11Z","timestamp":1777661951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985818800025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985818800025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985818800025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]}}}