{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:35:04Z","timestamp":1787243704734,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Townsend Equine Health Research Fund, Western College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Equus caballus papillomavirus type-2 (EcPV-2) has been proposed as a causal factor in equine genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study had 2 objectives: first, calculate the frequency of papillomavirus (PV) and EcPV-2 infection in papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), and SCCs in Western Canadian horses; and second, determine if EcPV-2 status of equine SCCs is associated with overall survival (OS). EcPV-2 status of 115 archived tissue samples, spanning 6 years, was determined using broad spectrum (MY09\/11) and EcPV-2-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, EcPV-2-E6\/E7 chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization (R-ISH), and amplicon sequencing. A retrospective survey gathered data on history, outcome, breeding, treatment, and rationales of referring veterinarians when managing PV-associated diseases. Histologic grade and completeness of surgical margins of SCCs were also considered. EcPV-2 DNA was identified in 10\/58 (17%) SCC, 8\/27 (30%) papillomas, 0\/5 CIS, and 0\/11 lesions identified as \u201cother.\u201d Overall, 18\/101 (18%) of these lesions were positive for EcPV-2. EcPV-2 was identified in 10\/35 (29%) SCCs arising from genital tissues but in 0\/22 SCCs from other locations. There was no association between breeding history and EcPV-2 status of genital SCCs. EcPV-2 status of genital SCCs was not associated with OS ( P = .76). The strongest negative predictors of OS were a lack of treatment ( P &lt; .01) and recurrence post-treatment ( P &lt; .01). Weaker predictors of OS included older age at time of diagnosis ( P = .02). Completeness of margins at surgical excision, concurrent disease, treatment type, anatomic location of the SCC (anogenital vs other), and histologic grade of the SCC did not influence OS ( P &gt; .1).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820941266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T07:53:26Z","timestamp":1597823606000},"page":"623-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of\n                    <i>Equus caballus<\/i>\n                    Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Western Canadian Horses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Chow-Lockerbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasha","family":"Epp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Wachoski-Dark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"MacDonald-Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Wobeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0300985820941266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.09.008"},{"key":"bibr2-0300985820941266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.02.005"},{"key":"bibr3-0300985820941266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(02)00193-4"},{"key":"bibr4-0300985820941266","volume-title":"Papillomavirus Research: From Natural History to Vaccines and Beyond","author":"Campo 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