{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:56:55Z","timestamp":1790697415891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Given their genetic and anatomic similarities to humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) may serve as animal models for urogenital diseases of humans. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of spontaneous urogenital lesions occurring over a 30-year period at the Yerkes and Southwest National Primate Research Centers and to compare and contrast lesions occurring in Old World versus New World primates. Lesions occurring in the chimpanzee (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pan troglodytes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), baboon (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Papio<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.), rhesus macaque (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), cynomolgus macaque (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), pig-tailed macaque (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Macaca nemestrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), sooty mangabey (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cercocebus atys<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), common marmoset (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), cotton-top tamarin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sanguinus oedipus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and squirrel monkey (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Saimiri sciureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are discussed. The most common lesions of the kidney were medullary amyloidosis, renal cysts, renal tubular degeneration, glomerulonephritis or glomerulopathy, nephritis, nephrocalcinosis, pyelonephritis, and hydronephrosis. Specific causes of renal tubular disease included pigmentary nephrosis and tubular lipidosis. Renal tumors, including renal adenoma and carcinoma, lymphoma, and nephroblastoma, were infrequent diagnoses in all species. Endometriosis was the most frequently diagnosed lesion of the female genital tract. Of the animals examined in this study, it was most frequent in Old World primates. Leiomyoma was the most common uterine tumor. Granulosa cell tumor was the most frequently observed neoplasm of the ovaries, followed by teratoma. Of animals included in the study, most ovarian tumors occurred in baboons. Neoplasms of the male reproductive tract included interstitial cell tumor, seminoma, penile squamous cell carcinoma, penile papilloma, and histiocytoma. In New World monkeys, renal lesions were reported more frequently than genital lesions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820971752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T04:25:30Z","timestamp":1605759930000},"page":"147-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Urogenital Lesions in Nonhuman Primates at 2 National Primate Research Centers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5900-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Kirejczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Pinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University"},{"name":"*Current address: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave South MCN AA-6206, Nashville, TN 37232, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Biomedical Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyamesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Biomedical Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Edward","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Biomedical Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Gumber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51923.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587701400402"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Infantile polycystic renal disease in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"31","author":"Baskin GB","year":"1981","unstructured":"Baskin GB, Roberts JA, McAfee RD. Infantile polycystic renal disease in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Lab Anim Sci. 1981;31(2):181\u2013183.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.06.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Malignant neoplasia of the sex skin in 2 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"66","author":"Beck AP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beck AP, Magden ER, Buchl SJ, et al. Malignant neoplasia of the sex skin in 2 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Comp Med. 2016;66(2):154\u2013161.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812439725"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Multiple spontaneous lesions in an aged spider monkey","volume":"39","author":"Binhazim AA","year":"1989","unstructured":"Binhazim AA, Chapman WLJr, Isaac W. Multiple spontaneous lesions in an aged spider monkey. Lab Anim Sci. 1989;39(4):355\u2013357.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"424","article-title":"Rhesus macaque model for ovarian cancer chemoprevention","volume":"51","author":"Brewer M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brewer M, Baze W, Hill L, et al. Rhesus macaque model for ovarian cancer chemoprevention. Comp Med. 2001;51(5):424\u2013429.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"187","article-title":"Fatal fasting syndrome of obese macaques","volume":"32","author":"Bronson RT","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bronson RT, O\u2019Connell M, Klepper-Kilgore N, et al. Fatal fasting syndrome of obese macaques. Lab Anim Sci. 1982;32(2):187\u2013192.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2008.00321.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"407","article-title":"An epizootic of histoplasmosis duboisii (African histoplasmosis) in an American baboon colony","volume":"41","author":"Butler TM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Butler TM, Hubbard GB. An epizootic of histoplasmosis duboisii (African histoplasmosis) in an American baboon colony. Lab Anim Sci. 1991;41(5):407\u2013410.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Comparative pathobiology of macaque lymphocryptoviruses","volume":"58","author":"Carville A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carville A, Mansfield KG. Comparative pathobiology of macaque lymphocryptoviruses. Comp Med. 2008;58(1):57\u201367.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815620654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1986.tb00292.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1986.tb00403.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623310368981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815618435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2006.00202.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308327117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-381366-4.00010-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941930050075829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349609033298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"Nonhuman Primate Evaluation and Analysis. Part 1: Analysis of Future Demand and Supply","author":"DiPietrantonio A","year":"2018","unstructured":"DiPietrantonio A, Yuenger J, Ireland K, et al. Nonhuman Primate Evaluation and Analysis. Part 1: Analysis of Future Demand and Supply. National Institutes of Health; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811432345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0171R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1998.14.1163"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985881018s0608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2009.00338.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01730575"},{"issue":"39","key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"646","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of penile cancer","volume":"115","author":"Hakenberg OW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hakenberg OW, Dr\u00e4ger DL, Erbersdobler A, et al. The diagnosis and treatment of penile cancer. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(39):646\u2013652.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"Obstructive uropathy secondary to uterine leiomyoma in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"62","author":"Hanley PW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hanley PW, Barnhart KF, Satterfield WC, et al. Obstructive uropathy secondary to uterine leiomyoma in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Comp Med. 2012;62(6):543\u2013545.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312467521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623313477754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1996.0032"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","first-page":"469","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"33","author":"Hubbard GB","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hubbard GB, Wood DH, Fanton JW. Squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Lab Anim Sci. 1983;33(5):469\u2013472.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","first-page":"119","article-title":"Detection of systemic amyloidosis in the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina)","volume":"56","author":"Hukkanen RR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hukkanen RR, Liggitt HD, Anderson DM, et al. Detection of systemic amyloidosis in the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). Comp Med. 2006;56(2):119\u2013127.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2007.06.001"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13724","article-title":"Basic research on uterus transplantation in nonhuman primates in Japan","volume":"44","author":"Kisu I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kisu I, Banno K, Matoba Y, et al. Basic research on uterus transplantation in nonhuman primates in Japan. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2018;44(10):1871\u20131881.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811829-0.00006-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Fatal fatty liver-kidney syndrome in obese monkeys","volume":"37","author":"Laber-Laird KE","year":"1987","unstructured":"Laber-Laird KE, Jokinen MP, Lehner ND. Fatal fatty liver-kidney syndrome in obese monkeys. Lab Anim Sci. 1987;37(2):205\u2013209.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly237"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","first-page":"226","article-title":"Uterine leiomyoma in a Guyanese squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus sciureus)","volume":"49","author":"Long CT","year":"2010","unstructured":"Long CT, Luong RH, McKeon GP, et al. Uterine leiomyoma in a Guyanese squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus sciureus). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2010;49(2):226\u2013230.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4918-4_53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"A primer of primate pathology: lesions and nonlesions","volume":"31","author":"Lowenstine LJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lowenstine LJ. A primer of primate pathology: lesions and nonlesions. Toxicol Pathol. 2003;31(suppl):92\u2013102.","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815612154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-2-117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.206441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2010.00409.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Clinical disease associated with simian agent 8 infection in the baboon","volume":"48","author":"Martino MA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Martino MA, Hubbard GB, Butler TM, et al. Clinical disease associated with simian agent 8 infection in the baboon. Lab Anim Sci. 1998;48(1):18\u201322.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805306-5.00014-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805306-5.00013-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","first-page":"549","volume-title":"The Comparative Pathology of Zoo Animals","author":"McClure HM","year":"1980","unstructured":"McClure HM. Neoplastic diseases in nonhuman primates: literature review and observations in an autopsy series of 2,176 animals. In: Montal RJ, Migaki G, eds. The Comparative Pathology of Zoo Animals. Smithsonian Institution Press; 1980:549\u2013565."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(199607)29:1<51::AID-PROS8>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-381366-4.00006-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1018799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0684.2003.00002.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-214-44079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30682-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417144-2.00012-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623317709539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20283"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Fatal lymphoproliferative disease associated with a novel gammaherpesvirus in a captive population of common marmosets","volume":"50","author":"Ramer JC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ramer JC, Garber RL, Steele KE, et al. Fatal lymphoproliferative disease associated with a novel gammaherpesvirus in a captive population of common marmosets. Comp Med. 2000;50(1):59\u201368.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.08-VP-0154-R-FL"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1998.tb00080.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107155769800500508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.25.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230390183652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1990.tb00466.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.2017-0065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100624"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68340-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.45.2.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.42.629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0449"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Hydronephrosis due to ureteral endometriosis in women of reproductive age","volume":"8","author":"Wang P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang P, Wang X, Li Y, et al. Hydronephrosis due to ureteral endometriosis in women of reproductive age. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(1):1059\u20131065.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308326094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-2-108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00233-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623313478206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2009.00381.x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985820971752","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0300985820971752","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0300985820971752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:01:20Z","timestamp":1777662080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0300985820971752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0300985820971752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985820971752","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9858","1544-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9858","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2217","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]}}}